5.3工具设计的工业实践毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docxVIP

资料来源：书籍 文章名：Extrusion 书刊名：《English for Die Mould Design and Manufacturing》 作 者：刘建雄 王家惠 廖丕博 主编 出版社：北京大学出版社，2002 章 节：Chapter 5 Extrusion 页 码：P86~P105 文 章 译 名： 5.3工具设计的工业实践 5.3 Industrial Practice in Tool Design Dummy Blocks In common with the die, the container, and mandrel when used, the dummy block sees the highest temperatures through its contact with extruded metal. For heavy metal extrusion the members of this component rank second only to the dies, because of plastic deformation of the block above the softening temperature of the steel used. Most dummy blocks are turned from plain cylinders with a thickness of 0.5～0.75 of their diameter. The overall diameter of the dummy block depends on whether extrusion is intended with or without a skull. In aluminium extrusion the dummy block leading edge diameter may be 0.5 mm smaller than that of the container, whereas to obtain a good complete skull in brass extrusion the difference between container and dummy block diameters would not be less than 1 mm. In heavy metal extrusion the dummy block is usually ejected from the press with the extrusion discard at the end of each cycle to permit cooling and to avoid wasting press time. Any skull is then cleared by passing a larger diameter cleaning pad through the container. In aluminium extrusion the dummy block may be of the “combination” type, one block simultaneously pushing the billet but with a slightly larger diameter trailing edge cleaning the detritus left behind on the container bore. A desire to increase productivity by billet-to-billet extrusion has led to the use of dummy blocks fixed to the ram, and having some means of preventing air entrapment between the back end of the extruded billet and the front end of the next one. Various attempts have been made in heavy metal extrusion to vary the shape of the front face of the dummy block, to increase yield by reducing the discard volume, and at the same time to influence the flow pattern in the billet, i