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A note on‘optimization of multi-pass turning operations using ant colony system’ Abstract An article by Vijayakumar et al. [Optimization of multi-pass turning operations using ant colony system, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 43(15) (2003) 1633–1639] proposed an ant colony optimization methodology for determining the machining parameters in a multi-pass turning operation model. By using the problem of Chen and Tsai [A simulated annealing approach for optimization of multi-pass turning operations, International Journal of Production Research 34(10) (1996) 2803–2825], they concluded that their ant colony approach outperformed the other optimization techniques proposed by other researchers. This note discusses an illustrative multi-pass turning problem, which was used in several literatures and demonstrates that the optimal solution as found by Vijayakumar et al. [1] is not valid. Keywords: Multi-pass turning operations; Ant colony algorithm; Optimization techniques 1. Introduction Selecting proper values for machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut directly affects the machining economics in metal-cutting processes [3]. Several cutting constraints must be considered in machining operations. In turning operations, a cutting process can possibly be completed with a single pass or by multiple passes. Multi-pass turning is preferable over single-pass turning in the industry for economic reasons [2]. A multipass cutting operation involves several roughing cuts and a single finishing cut. That makes the problem of determining the optimal cutting conditions more difficult and complicated. Machining parameters can be determined based on the machine operator’s experience or by following the cutting handbook supplied by the equipment manufacturer. However, those data are not guaranteed to be optimal or even good for a particular cutting environment. Therefore, developing mathematical models for multi-pass turning operati