商务统计学（第五版）答案第9章.pdf

Solutions to End-of-Section and Chapter Review Problems 369 CHAPTER 9 9.1 Other things being equal, the closer the hypothesized mean is to the actual mean, the larger the risk of committing a Type II error will be. 9.2 Decision rule: Reject H0 if Z STAT – 1.96 or Z STAT + 1.96. Decision: Since Z = + 2.21 is greater than the upper critical value of + 1.96, reject H . STAT 0 9.3 Decision rule: Reject H0 if Z STAT – 1.645 or Z STAT + 1.645. 9.4 Decision rule: Reject H0 if Z STAT – 2.58 or Z STAT + 2.58. 9.5 Decision: Since Z = – 2.61 is less than the lower critical value of – 2.58, reject H . STAT 0 9.6 p -value = 2(1 − .9772) = 0.0456 9.7 Since the p -value of 0.0456 is less than the 0.10 level of significance, the statistical decision is to reject the null hypothesis. 9.8 p -value = 0.1676 9.9 α is the probability of incorrectly convicting the defendant when he is innocent. β is the probability of incorrectly failing to convict the defendant when he is guilty. 9.10 Under the French judicial system, unlike ours in the United States, the null hypothesis assumes the defendant is guilty, the alternative hypothesis assumes the defendant is innocent. A Type I error would be not convicting a guilty person and a Type II error would be convicting an innocent person. 9.11 (a) A Type I error is the mistake of approving an unsafe drug. A Type II error is not approving a safe drug. (b) The consumer groups are trying to a