fallacy 谬误教程文件.pptVIP

Logic logic Love Is a Fallacy Fallacy —耿亚平 Logic logic Love Is a Fallacy Fallacy Simple conception Fallacies in our text Several other common fallacies Simple Conception In logic and rhetoric, a fallacy is incorrect reasoning in argumentation resulting in a misconception. Defects in an argument, which cause an argument to be unsound or weak. Logic logic Love Is a Fallacy Fallacy Dicto simpliciter 绝对判断 Hasty generalization 草率结论(轻率归纳) Post hoc 牵强附会(并非因果 ) Contradictory premises 矛盾前提 Ad misericordiam 文不对题 False analogy 错误类比 Hypothesis contrary to fact 与事实相反的假设（假设非事实 ） Poisoning the well 井下下毒 Dicto Simpliciter a Latin phrase Definition: The fallacy of accident is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances (“accident”) makes the rule inapplicable. Examples: (i) Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise. (ii) Watching television is a waste of time. 绝对判断 Hasty Generalization Definition: The size of the sample is too small to support the conclusion. Example: Fred, the Australian, stole my wallet. Thus, all Australians are thieves. (Of course, we shouldnt judge all Australians on the basis of one example.) .. 草率结论 Post Hoc a Latin phrase Definition: A fallacy in logic of thinking that a happening which follows another must be its result. Example: Immigration to Alberta from Ontario increased. Soon after, the welfare rolls increased. Therefore, the increased immigration caused the increased welfare rolls. 牵强附会 .Contradictory Premises Definition: The conclusion is contradictory to the premise. Example: He decided to give up all his decisions. 矛盾前提 Ad Misericordiam A Latin phrase means to pity Definition: The reader is told to agree to the proposition because of the pitiful state of the author. Example: We hope youll accept our recommendations. We spent the last three months working extra time on it. 文不对题 False Analogy Definition: In an analo