浅谈化学教学实验中硅的表面包覆及其包覆结构调控.docVIP

浅谈化学教学实验中硅的表面包覆及其包覆结构调控 在目前所有锂离子电池负极材料中，硅是现在已知的，最高理论比容量的电极材料，硅的理论比容量高达4200mA h g-1，远高于商业化石墨理论比容量(372mA h g-1)。然而硅的电导率极低，并且在电池充放电过程中体积会发生严重的膨胀(~300%)，以致于电池的容量巨幅减小，然而碳材料却可以很好的弥补这个缺点。因为碳材料的嵌锂电位较低，导电性能好，在充放电循环的过程中电池容量不会锐减，并且体积膨胀的情况也不明显，如果将硅与碳材料进行复合，就可以很好的将两种材料的优点结合起来。 本文采用将纳米硅粉分散在乙醇溶液中，经过反复超声、搅拌得到浓度为0.5mg mL-1的分散液，在分散液中加入配置好的HCl-Tris缓冲溶液，加入一定量的盐酸多巴胺，在搅拌条件下室温反应24h。所的样品经过抽滤洗涤后在冷冻干燥器中干燥过夜，干燥后样品转移至马弗炉中进一步高温处理，将表面的聚合物碳化，得到硅碳复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜，XRD对前驱体和目标产品进行表征。 关键词： 锂离子电池; 负极;硅;碳材料， ABSTRACT Among all the cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, silicon-based materials are the electrode materials with the highest theoretical specific capacity known now. Silicon can be alloying with lithium at room temperature to generate Li15Si4 phase. The theoretical specific capacity is as high as 4200mA?h/g, much higher than the theoretical capacity of commercial graphite (372mA h g-1). However, the conductivity of silicon is very low, and during the charging and discharging process of the battery, the volume will have a serious expansion (~300%), resulting in a sharp drop in the battery capacity, but the existence of carbon materials can make up for this defect. The lithium impregnation potential of carbon material is low, and the conductivity is good. In the process of battery charge and discharge cycle, the capacity will not decrease sharply, and the volume change is not obvious. If the silicon and carbon material are combined, the advantages of the two can be maximized. In this paper, nano-silica powder was dispersed in ethanol solution, and the dispersion solution with a concentration of 0.5mg ml-1 was obtained by repeated ultrasound and stirring. The prepared hcl-tris buffer solution was added into the dispersion solution, and a certain amount of dopamine hydrochloride was added. The reaction was conducted at room temperature for 24h under stirring conditions. The samples were washed by bleaching and then dried overnight in a freeze-dryer. After drying, the sa