超稠油开采工艺及影响因素分析11111111.pdf

摘 要 降低成本，最大限度地把稠油、超稠油开采出来，是世界石油界面临的共同课题。 稠油由于粘度高，给开采、集输和加工带来很大困难，国内外学者做了大量研究工作 来降低稠油的粘度。我国稠油开采 90% 以上依靠蒸汽吞吐或蒸汽驱，采收率能达到 30%左右。利用蒸汽吞吐开采稠油最早出现在 20 世纪 50 年代，作为一种相对简单和 成熟的注蒸汽开采技术，但进入开采中后期，必须运用各种手段改善吞吐效果并适时 地转入合理的二次热采方式。蒸汽驱是目前国内外稠油油藏比较成熟的开发方式，油 藏最终采收率可以达到 50%~60% 。。分析研究了蒸汽驱开发过程中存在的问题，针对 性地总结出了油藏地质条件对蒸汽驱开发的主要影响因素，并在此基础上提出有效的 解决方案。但目前对于储量极大的超稠油油藏，常规热采技术难以取得好的开发效果。 因此，研究适用于稠油油藏特别是超稠油油藏开采的蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术及其优化 设计也具有十分重要的意义。使用化学剂降低粘度开采稠油技术也是油田中常用的技 术，主要应用于油层解堵、蒸汽吞吐、井筒降粘及输油管中降粘，在稠油开采中的应 用最为重要。保障了热采稠油产量的持续增长。 目前提高稠油油藏产量的思路主要是降低稠油粘度、增大生产压差，主要成熟技 术是注蒸汽热采、热水+化学吞吐、蒸汽辅助重力泄油、水热裂解开采稠油技术，等 等。 关键词：稠油开采；注水采油；热采；蒸汽辅助重力泄油；水热裂解 Abstract How to reduce costs, maximize the heavy,super heavy mined is a common issue facing the world oil industry. Because of high viscosity heavy oil,make gathering and processing to cause great difficulties, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of work to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. More than 90% of relying on heavy oil recovery steam stimulation or steam flooding,recovery can reach about 30%. use of Heavy steam huff and puff first appeared in the 1950s,as a relatively simple and mature steam injection technology,but late into mining, you must use various means to improve the effectiveness and the timely transfer throughput rational quadratic thermal recovery methods. Steam flooding is more mature domestic heavy oil reservoir development methods, ultimate recovery can reach 50% to 60%. At present,for great reserves of heavy oil reservoir,conventional thermal recovery technology development is difficult to obtain good results. Therefore, the study is especially suitable for ultra-heavy oil heavy oil reservoir