疯牛病的检测.pptVIP

疯牛病的检测 根据临床症状和流行病学资料可建立初步诊断，确诊必须采用脑组织病理学检查、PrPSC检测（细胞免疫化学检查、免疫印迹、组织印迹、ELISA等）及PrP基因分析。 1998年爱尔兰报道了一种BSE免疫学检测，2h可报告结果，1d可检测1.4万头牛。 1999年7月Moynagh等报道了三种理想的方法： 单抗检测PrPSC的免疫印迹法（Prionics) 多克隆抗体检测PrPSC的化学发光ELISA（Enfer)法 在变性和浓缩后用两种单抗检测PrPSC的夹心免疫法（CEA） 禽流感病毒Bird-flu is also known as avian influenza virus and the predominant strain is H5N1. Avian influenza virus infects birds including poultry (panzootic); however, it is capable of dapting and causing infection in humans, especially the poultry andlers and is thus considered a zoonotic organism 除以上几种外，还有些病毒，如轮状病毒可引起的儿童及多种幼龄动物的急性胃肠道传染病，虽然各种年龄的人和动物都可感染，但成年人畜多呈隐性，病毒存在于肠道，随粪便排出，经消化道传染给儿童及幼畜而发病。 Preventing Norovirus Outbreaks About 20 million people get sick from norovirus each year, most from close contact with infected people or by eating contaminated food. Norovirus is the leading cause of disease outbreaks from contaminated food in the US. Infected food workers cause about 70% of reported norovirus outbreaks from contaminated food. People with norovirus usually vomit and have diarrhea. Some may need to be hospitalized and can even die. Infected people can spread norovirus to others through close contact or by contaminating food and surfaces. Food service workers who have norovirus can contaminate food and make many people sick. Norovirus is hard to kill and stays on food, kitchen surfaces, and utensils. Remain infectious on foods even at freezing temperatures and until heated above 140°F. Stay on countertops and serving utensils for up to 2 weeks. Resist many common disinfectants and hand sanitizers. The food service industry can help prevent norovirus outbreaks by: Making sure that food service workers practice proper hand washing and avoid touching ready-to- eat foods, such as raw fruits and vegetables, with their bare hands before serving them. Certifying kitchen managers and training food service workers in food safety practices. Requiring sick food workers to stay home, and considering use of paid sic