论矿产资源法的完善.pdf

摘 要 脱胎于计划经济时期的《矿产资源法》虽然已经经过两次修改，但随着社会经济 发展逐渐显现出明显的滞后性和局限性，存在的主要问题包括：矿产资源国家所有权 主体虚置；矿业权取得和流转规定不完善，主要体现为矿业权受让人的资质条件不明、 矿业权流转约束较多和矿业权人权益缺乏保障；在矿产资源收益分配方面存在不合理 之处，主要体现为矿区居民权益和矿产资源勘查工作激励机制的缺失；缺乏矿山环境 治理恢复的规定以及矿产资源监督管理混。《矿产资源法》需要与时俱进，依法治国 和生态文明建设的深入、行政体制的改革、矿业权出让制度等改革的试点实践的经验 为再次修订《矿产资源法》提供了可行性。立足于我国实际国情，吸收国外先进经验， 《矿产资源法》完善的方向应当是明确矿产资源国家所有权的行使主体，实现矿产资 源所有权与行政监管权的分离；从明确矿业权受让人资质条件、重塑矿业权流转制度 和强化矿业权人权益保障的角度对矿业权取得和流转的规定进行完善；从矿区居民权 益和矿产资源勘查工作激励角度调整矿产资源收益分配；专章对矿山生态环境的恢复 治理进行规定，以绿色发展和可持续发展为原则，建立矿山环境治理修复基金制度， 详细规定矿山环境治理恢复的相关责任；明确监管的职权部门、完善监管内容、加强 监管队伍建设和创新监管手段，构建完善的矿产资源监管体系等建议。 关键字：矿产资源法 矿产资源所有权 矿业权 收益分配 监督管理 I ABSTRACT Although the Mineral Resources Law, which was born in the period of planned economy, has been amended twice, it gradually shows obvious hysteresis and limitation with the development of social economy The main problems include:the State ownership of Mineral Resources Is Empty; Regulations on the acquisition and transfer of mining rights are not perfect Mainly reflected in the transferees qualifications are unclear, the circulation of mining rights is more restricted and the rights and interests of mining rights are not protected; It is mainly reflected in the lack of residents rights and interests in mining areas, the lack of incentive mechanism for mineral resources exploration, the lack of regulations for Mine Environment Management and restoration, and the confusion of supervision and management of mineral resources. The Mineral Resources Law needs to keep pacewith thetimes,the experience ofthepilot practice of deepening the construction of law-based governance and ecological civilization, the reform of administrative system, and the system of mining right transfer provides the feasibility for revising the mineral resources law again. Based on the actual situation