搂集式旋转脱膜残膜回收机的设计及试验研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 20 世纪80 年代地膜覆盖种植技术引入新疆，并用于棉花等经济作物的种植， 然而，三十多年的铺膜种植对耕地土层结构产生了严重破坏，并给耕地生态环境 带来了白色污染，耕地残留地膜的机械化回收已成为一个重要议题。针对目前新 疆使用最广泛的弹齿式残膜回收机残膜回收作业后自动脱膜困难等问题，本文设 计了一种搂集式旋转脱膜残膜回收机，主要研究内容如下： （1）对新疆棉田调研数据分析整理，采集0~30cm 棉田耕层内的残膜样本， 对其进行残膜抗拉性能试验，将残膜拉断力3.57N 作为搂集式旋转脱膜残膜回收 机搂膜弹齿的设计参考基础数据。 （2 ）设计一种宽幅折叠机架，确定机架各部分载荷；设计折叠机架的液压 油缸，并对其强度进行校核；确定搂膜弹齿的极限脱落角，明确搂膜弹齿的极限 脱落角与储膜空间之间呈正相关关系；对搂膜弹齿受力分析，确定搂膜弹齿的载 荷大小和搂膜弹齿的入土角范围为 18°~35°；根据棉花种植模式设计搂膜弹齿排 布方式为交错分布。设计一种旋转脱膜机构以及一种传动连接盘；用扭力扳手对 脱膜机构卸膜扭矩进行测试，确定液压马达型号为BM3-400 。 （3 ）将用SolidWorks 建立的机架和搂膜弹齿三维模型导入Ansys workben ch ，对其进行线性静态结构分析和模态分析。对脱膜刮板材料进行对比试验，确 定刮板材料为合成橡胶；残膜回收率试验方案采用正交试验设计原理，以残膜回 收率为评价指标，以搂膜弹齿曲率半径组合、作业深度和作业速度为影响因素， 进行田间试验；分析试验数据，得出影响因素对评价指标主次关系；在最优工作 参数组合下残膜回收率最高达到84.14%，脱膜率最高达到98.67% 。 关键词：残膜回收机；弹齿式捡拾部件；旋转脱膜机构；仿真分析；田间试验 II Abstract In the 1980s, the plastic film mulching planting technology was introduced into Xinjiang and used for the cultivation of cotton and other economic crops. However, over thirty years of plastic film planting has caused serious damage to the soil structure of the cultivated land and brought white pollution to the ecological environment of the cultivated land Therefore, the mechanized recycling of residual plastic film on cultivated land has become an important issue. Aiming at the problems of automatic stripping after the residual film recovery operation of the most widely used elastic- tooth residual film recovery machine in Xinjiang, this paper has designed a spring tooth type rotary unloading mulch film residue collector. The main research contents are as follows: (1) Analyze and organize the survey data of cotton fields in Xinjiang, collect residual film samples in the cultivated layer of 0~30cm cotton fields, and carry out the tensile test of residual film, and use the residual film tensile force of 3.