《中庸》“刚”“柔”思想研究.pdf

华东师范大学硕士学位论文 内容摘要 《中庸》是传统儒家重要文献之一，其中的“刚”与“柔”有着丰富而深刻 的内涵。“刚柔”思想有着古老而漫长的发展历史，从《诗经》《尚书》到《老子》、 孔子再到《易传》，可以发现其由单纯的自然属性逐渐融合到伦理、道德、政治 生活的方方面面。《中庸》中对“刚”“柔”有着多方面的描述：南北方对“强” 的不同理解和君子之强的内涵，圣人温柔刚毅的宏大品格，世间万物所保持的“宜” 的状态以及“刚”“柔”带来的可感可触的体验。更进一步，“刚”“柔”与开篇 的“天命”“性”“道”等核心概念联系在一起，使得《中庸》在天人路径中更加 突出人的地位，“天人合一”理论更加平易而真实；同时，刚性与柔性也是达到 中和之性的必要途径。这些既是《中庸》对儒家传统人性论的继承与发展，也深 化了儒家形而上的理论。 关键词：刚柔，阴阳，善恶，中和，人性 i 华东师范大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT The Doctrine of the Mean is one of the important classics and theoretical sources of Confucianism, and the ideas of “Hard”（刚） and “Soft”（柔） have rich and profound connotations in the entire article ．“Gang” and “Rou” has a long and ancient development history ．From Laozi , Confucius and the Book of Changes, it can be found that the simple concept of nature has been gradually integrated into all aspects of ethical, moral and political life ．In the Doctrine of the Mean there are meticulous descriptions of “Gang” and “Rou”: different understandings of “strong” in the south and north and the connotation of strong in the gentleman, the gentle and resolute grandeur of the saint, the “appropriateness”(宜) state maintained by everything in the world, and the “Gang” and “Rou” brought by the experience of feeling and touch ．Furthermore, “Gang” and “Rou” are related to the core concepts of “destiny” （天命）“nature” （性）and “tao” （道）in the beginning, these make the doctrine of the mean more prominent in the path of man and nature, and make the theory of “the unity of man and nature” more plain and true ．At the same time, rigidity and flexibility are also necessary ways to achieve the neutralization ．These are not only the inheritance and development of the Confucian traditional theory of human nature, but also the deepening