英语词性分类及用法讲解.pptVIP

英语词性的分类及用法讲 解 词性的分类 词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中 的功用,可以分成十个大类。 1名词 noun n. student学生 2代词 pronoun pron.you你 3形容词 adjective adj. happy高兴的4副词 adverb adv. quickly迅速地 动词 verb V.cut砍、割 6数词 numeral num. three 7冠词 article art.a一个 8介词 preposition prep.at在 9连词 nd和 10感叹词 interjection interj.oh哦 前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词 名词表示人或物名称的词) 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如 Beijing China, the United States, p 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book, sadness等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词) 普通名词又可分为下面四类 名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如 family 以上两类属于可数名词 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work (以上两类属于不可数名词) 名词 1经常放在句子开头做主语 2经常放在动词或介词之后做宾语 特点它前面经常会出现形容词 uny, your his her等物主代词或ayan,the等之后 .Thanks for your donation 2.My favorite fruit is the apple. 3. Chengdu is a beautiful city. 代词《代替名词的词) 代词可以分为下列九类: 人称代词: They are my school mates. 2.物主代词: Our friends have great concern for each other 3.反身代词: Take good care of yourselves 4.相互代词: We should help each other. 指示代词: Who are these peop 6.疑问代词: What are you doing? 7.关系代词: She married Tony Harper, who is a student too 8.连接代词: Do you know who did it? 不定代词: Do you know anything about it? 代词是非常活跃的词,特别是不定代词,比较复杂, 我们要熟练 动词 动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。例如:run;work; sleep,等 动词的分类 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助 动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。如 We have lunch at12.我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) We have been to new york.我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) WI am hungry.我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home.(Was是助动词) You neednt have waited for me.你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) The door needs painting这个门需要油漆了。(neds及物动词) 行为动词的分类 及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词t.)后面要跟宾语,不及物动词(vi.)不跟宾语。如 They study hard.( study后没有宾语,是不及物动词) know them wel.(know后有宾语them,是及物动词) 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词 如: She sings very well.(sing是不及物动词) She sang an English song just now.(sing是及物动词) 延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如 rain,ive,work, learn是延续性动词,go,come, leave, start,是非 延续性动词。 注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连 如:[译]他离开这里三天了。[误] He has left here for three day JHe has been away from here for three days. [IE]He left here three d