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LBV 1806-20
Gra vity and Orbits(2)
Stellar Mass
Newtonian Gravity
an explanation for planetary motions
Newtons 3 Laws of Motion starting-
point
Necessary ingredient to calculate
motions
Exact description of forces involved
How to quantify gravity
Galileos Law of Falling Bodies
Newton, the Apple and the Moon
Galileos mechanics
Experiments
Prior to work with telescope, Galileo performed
fundamental research on motion
Explored the rate of falling bodies by dropping
different weights, or sliding them down inclined planes
Law of Falling bodies
In the absence of air, heavy objects and light
objects fall at the same, constant rate of
acceleration
Astronaut David. Scott
Apollo 15(Falcon) near Hadley rill
August 1971
The Idea of Universal mutual
Gravitation
Newton, in his Principia, formulated the
Law of universal mutual gravitation
gravity is an Attractive force
Works to bring massive objects closer together
Gravity is a Universal force
Works everywhere in the Universe
Gravity is a Mutual force
Works between pairs of massive objects
Towards an exact description
Force of gravity between any two objects
depends only upon
The masses of the two objects
More massive objects feel a stronger force
The distance between them
Objects closer together feel a stronger force
It does not depend at all on the shapes colors
or compositions of the two objects
Towards an exact description
· Newtons Idea
Force depends linearly on masses of objects
Twice as much mass twice the force
Half as much mass, half the force
Newtons Laws then guarantee galileos
observation of Falling Bodies
What is the dependence on distance
Comparing an apple to the
moon
Newtons fascinating thought process
Assumptions
Fall of an apple and path of moon governed by the
same principle Gravitational attraction(only !
Gravity independent of shape of Earth
Careful numerical analysis leads to deeper
understanding of gravity
Nething yot,,. How about you. Newton?
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