锡基氧化物的制备及其电化学性能.pdf

锡基氧化物纳米结构的制备及其电化学性能 摘要 :过渡金属氧化物如ＨＳｎＯ。 、ＴｉＯ。、ＭｏＯ。等，由于其 独特的物理化学性能，在催化剂载体、半导体、太阳能转化材料、光 催化剂、气体传感器、电容器等方面都有广泛的应用。特别是纳米结 构的氧化物，在能源材料中，诸如锂离子二次电池、燃料电池等方面 有着良好的应用前景。纳米材料的性能在很大程度上取决于其形貌、 粒径的大小和晶体结构等因素， 而这些结构和形貌特征又受纳米材料 的制备方法和制备条件所影响。 采用溶液化学法来合成纳米结构的氧 化物材料， 通过改变反应中的实验参数， 以及加入适当的添加剂达到 对产物的形貌、尺寸、晶型结构等进行调控。考察纳米氧化物材料作 为锂离子电池负极材料时的插锂性能及循环性能等。 此外，选择合适 的氧化物材料和方法来制备过渡金属氧化物与贵金属的复合材料， 利 用贵金属或合金与金属氧化物之间的相互作用， 以期在降低贵金属使 用量的同时提高其催化活性、 选择性和稳定性， 从而在直接甲醇燃料 电池电极催化剂的研究方面做出一些有益的探索。 关键词： 纳米结构；氧化物；复合材料；电化学性能 Abstract ：Supercapacitor is a new energy storage component. Nowadays supercapacitor has become a researching hotspot for its high specific capacitance, excellent reversibility and long cyclic performance. Deposition of transition metal oxides, such as Ru, Ir, W, Mo, Mn, Ni, Co etc., on the carbon surface is widely utilized in order to increase the capacitance. This dissertation concentrates on studying of tin compound/C composite with the goal of increasing capacitance. In this dissertation, the novel electrode material of super capacitor—tin compound/C composite is successfully synthesized by high temperature carbonization of SnCl4 and hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol). A certain amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate is used to adjust the specific surface area. Electrochemical properties of the resultant are investigated in a three electrode system by cyclic voltammetry measurements(CV), constant charge/discharge measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the specific capacity of the tin compound/C composite increase with increasing the amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate added. This indicates that the addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate mainly causes a significant increase in micro porosity. The tin compound/C composite prepared with 0.5 g K2C