中考英语复习句类语法专题---英语句子种类(有练习).docVIP

初中英语句子种类专题 按照句子使用目的，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 中考关于句子种类的考点： ①陈述句的构成形式及基本用法； ②祈使句的构成形式及基本用法； ③一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法； ④由 what, how 引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 一、陈述句的构成形式及基本用法。 （一）陈述句，陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和 否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“ . ”。 1.谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be，只需在这些动词后加 not 即可构 成否定式。 He is playing the guitar. He is not playing the guitar. We can get there before dark. We can‘t get there before dark. 2.陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，根据人称和时态在实义动词前加 don‘t,doesn‘t, didn ‘, htaven‘t, hadn‘t 。 He plays the violin well. He doesn‘t play the violin well. She won the game. She didn‘t win the game. ▲加助动词doesn’t, didn’t 后，句子原来的实义动词变原形。 He has finished his homework already. He hasn‘t finished his homework yet. 3. 如果句子是 there be结构或谓语动词是 have（有），除了 be 和 have之后加 not 之外， 句中如果有 some要变为any。 There is some water in the cup. There isn‘t any water in the cup. He has some books. He has not any books. ▲4. 除 not 以外，否定词no, none, no one, never, nothing, nobody, few，little, hardly, seldom, 等也可构成否定句。 There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have never seen the film. He can hardly write his name. He has few friends. ▲too? to? (太,, 以至于 ,, )的句型是不使用否定词的否定句子。 He is too old to work. ▲5. 含有 have的否定句。 Ⅰ.have作“拥有、所有”时，否定形式有两种。 I have a new friend.我有一个新朋友。 可改为： I don‘t have a new friend. I have not a new friend. Ⅱ.have 作“吃、喝、玩，度过”时，其否定形式借助助动词 do。 I had breakfast at 7:30 this morning. I didn‘t have breakfast at 7:30 this morning. Ⅲ.have为助动词时，其否定形式为haven‘t. I have visited my uncle. I haven‘vtisited my uncle. 6. 部分否定，不定代词或副词如 all, every, everybody, everyone, many, always, often与 not 连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是” 。 Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory. ▲ 7. 否定转移，宾语从句中，句子主语第一人称，本应该放在 that从句中的 not，被转移 到主句的谓语动词前。 这类动词有 believe, think, expect, suppose。翻译时要把 not 放到从句中。 I don‘t believe that I ?ve met you before. ( I believe that I haven‘t met you before.) I don‘t think you will be late.我认为你不会迟到。 实战演练： 将下列句子改为否定句。 1. Tom and John are in the classroom. Tom and John________ in the classroom. 2. He has finished his work.