初三定语从句总结讲课稿.docVIP

定语从句 在复合句(包括主句和从句)中, 修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句. 定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词. 如: ·The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的. ·You must do everything that I do.你必须做我所做的一切. 其中man 和everything 均为先行词,分别受到其后的定语从句who lives next to us 和that I do 的修饰. 初中阶段要掌握的是由that, which, who, whom 等关系代词引导的定语从句.关系代词可在从句中作主语,宾语或表语.通常which指事物,who指人(作宾语时用whom), that 既可指人也可指物. 但在使用时有所区别. 下列情况,定语从句须用that引导. 先行词是all, much, a little, none, the one 等不定代词或由no- , any- , every- 构成的复合不定代词时. 如: ·All that is worth doing should be done well.一切值得做的事都应该做好. 先行词被all , every, no, some, any, little, much, one of , the only, the very , the right等修饰时. 如: ·There is little money that I can spend on books. 我几乎无钱买书. ·The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时. 如: ·We will never forget the first lesson (that) our chemistry teacher gave us. 化学老师上的第一课我们永远难忘. 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时. 如: ·What is the smallest thing that can be seen under a microscope? 显微镜下能看见最小的东西是做什么? 先行词同时包含人和事物时. 如: ·The visitor spoke highly of the children and the performances (that) they saw at the Children’s Palace. 来宾们高度评价他们在少年宫见到的孩子们及其表演. 当主句为who 或which开头的特殊疑问句时, 为避免重复, 习惯上多用that. 如: ·Which of us that knows any English doesn’t know the meaning of UFO? 我们懂英语的人中谁不知道UFO的意思? 当关系代词在定语从句用to be 作表语时. 如: ·Tom is not the boy (that) he used to be. 汤姆已不是过去的那个男孩了. 当主句以There be / Here 开头时. 如: ·There is something that I must deal with right now. 我有事必须马上处理. 当先行词为way, moment, time 等时, 用that, 且常省略. 如: ·The real problem with pollution is people- the way(that) people think about their environment. 污染的实质问题是人-人们在考虑其自身环境时就是这样想的. 下列情况, 定语从句须用which引导. 在非限制性定语从句中. 如: ·Let’s discuss the question, which we are interested in. 咱们讨论下这个问题, 这个问题我们大家都很感兴趣. 在定语从句中作介词宾语,且直接置于介词之后时. 如: ·His house, for which he paid 10,000 Yuan ten years ago, is now worth.30,000 Yuan.他的房子现在值三万元, 十年前他是花一万元买的. 下列情况, 定语从句须用who(whom)引导. 当先行词all, any 和a few指人时. 如: ·Any who breaks the law will b