10-儒家思想-孔子-孟子.docVIP

儒家思想 儒家思想(Confucianism )是中国影响最大的思想流派，也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来，儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class )的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义（humanism )。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。 Confucianism Confucianism is the largest Chinese school of thoughts, and the mainstream consciousness of the ancient China. Confucianism had been one of the ruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since the Han Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. It advocates self- cultivation, and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable. A grand goal of Confucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her part well, and maintains a good relationship with others. 孔子(Confucius )是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 :temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。 他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点， 几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 Confucius Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and the founder of Confucian School in ancient China. It’s said he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom are excellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visit various states for 14 years. During 5,000 years’ history of China, it’s Confucius who has exerted the greatest impact on Chinese nation’s characteristic and temperament. He is upright, optimistic, active and enterprising，striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, and seeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have been influencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. 孟子(Mencius )是战国时期(the Warring States Period )伟大的思想家、教育家。孔子去世100年后，孟子传授并发展了孔子的学说，他的哲学思想 与孔子是一脉相承的。孟子认为人性本善，是社会的影响引发了道德的堕落， 因此十分重视道德教育。孟子的母亲在他的生命中扮演了重要的角色，她曾三度迁居，只为了帮助她的孩子找到一个合适的成长环境。 Mencius is a great ideologist and educator in the Warring States Period. A hundred years after Confucius died, Mencius taught and expanded Confucian doctrine. His philosophical th