英语三大从句综合知识点.pdfVIP

语法－三大从句 一 定语从句 ? 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行 词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。 如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. ? 关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 如： Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。 如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 4. which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。 如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 5.that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 1 如： I ’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。 如： He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。 如： This is the house where we lived last year. ? 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1. 只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况： ? 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。 如： All that he said is true. ? 先行词被 only, no, any, all, 等词修饰时。 如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. ? 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。 如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. ? 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 如： This is the best book (that) I have read this year . ? 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 2 如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2. 只用 which ，不用 that 的情况： ? 在非限制性定语从中。 如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. ? 定语从句由介词 +关系代词引导，先行词是物时。 如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 二 状语从句 时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、 （结果、方式、比较、） 1 时间状语从句 常见关联词： before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until,