双语教学资源 钢筋混凝土结构设计 1CivilEngineeringMaterials.pptVIP

Civil Engineering Materials 石家庄铁路职业技术学院 Civil Engineering Materials Civil engineering materials can be natural and manmade. They contain rock, metals, timber, concrete, bitumen (沥青), soil, polymers (聚合物), bricks (砖) and blocks (砌块) etc. bituminous [bi5tju:minEs] 含沥青的 [5bitjumin] [5pClimE] 土木工程材料可以是自然材料也可以是人工材料。它们包括石料、金属、木材、混凝土、沥青、土、聚合物、砖和砌块等。 Civil Engineering Materials Besides these traditional materials, new types of constructional materials are also investigated (研究) and developed and will be applied gradually. 除了这些传统材料，新型建筑材料也得到研究和开发并将逐步得到应用。 Civil Engineering Materials Now green civil engineering materials and even eco-materials(环保材料) for civil engineering are recommended (受欢迎的) based on the consideration of sustainable development (可持续发展). eco- “环境、生态、生态学的”之义 目前，基于可持续发展的考虑，绿色土木工程材料，甚至环保土木工程材料广为推崇。 Civil Engineering Materials This has the benefits of reducing energy, saving resources and protecting the environment, having minimum harm to human health. 这有利于降低能耗，节约资源和保护环境，同时对人体健康危害降到最低。 Civil Engineering Materials Timber (木材 ) Timber is one of the oldest known civil engineering materials. In addition to its usefulness as a structural material, timber has also fulfilled (完成) a role in temporary structures (临时结构). 木材是最早被应用的土木工程材料之一。除了用作结构材料之外，木材也被作为临时结构材料使用。 Civil Engineering Materials Timber Although timber is a kind of sustainable resource, the consumption (消耗、消费) speed of forests must be slowed down because of the relative slowness of tree growth. 尽管木材是一种可持续（再生）资源，但由于树木成长速度相对较慢，因而必须放慢木材的消耗速度。 Civil Engineering Materials heartwood 树芯心材 sapwood 边材 vascular cambium 维管形成层 bark 树皮 living phloem 韧皮层 periderm [5peridE:m]周皮 cork cambium 木栓形成层 Civil Engineering Materials Timber Strength (强度) of timber is affected by factors such as density (密度), moisture content (含水量) and grain structure (纹理结构) as well as by various defects (缺陷). 木材强度也受到诸如密度、含水量、纹理结构以及各种缺陷等因素的影响。 Civil Engineering Materials Timb