《基础医学各论2》资料：7能量代谢与体温.pptVIP

The Anal Canal: position: structures: mucous membrane--- anal columns anal valves anal sinuses dentate line anal pecten (hemorrhoidal ring ) white line submucosa--- muscular layer--- sphincter ani internus sphincter ani externus Ⅸ. The liver : The external features : --- 1. 2 ~ 1. 5 kg (male) 1.0 ~ 1.3 kg (female) --- cuniform : 2 extremities : right (larger) left (smaller) 2 surfaces: diaphragmatic surface visceral surface 2 borders: anterior border posterior border diaphragmatic (superior) surface: --- 2 ligaments: falciform ligament; coronary ligament (right and left triangular ligaments) --- 2 lobes: right lobe (large) left lobe (small) --- bare area visceral (inferior) surface: --- “H” shaped groove: 4 lobes the right and left lobes, the caudate lobe, the quadrate lobe the fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis the fissure for ligamentum venosum the fossa for gallbladder the fossa for vena cava (the secondary porta hepatis ) hepatic veins the transverse fissure ( porta hepatis) proper hepatic artery hepatic ducts. hepatic portal vein, nerves , lymphatic vessels --- The anterior border: --- the notch for ligamentum teres hepatis --- the notch for gallbladder The posterior border: bare area The position and relations: Position: right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. right half of the anterior border at the same level of the right costal arch at the middle line of the bod