特色资源 教学资源 水准测量课件（英文）.pptVIP

Leveling The concept of elevation The principle of leveling What is the level The concept of elevation The principle of leveling Leveling is to use a kind of instruments provided by the horizontal line of sight, with the help of the kind with level ruler, measure the elevation difference between two points on the ground, and then according to the known point absolute elevation, and measure the elevation difference, calculate the unknown point elevation. The principle of leveling The principle of leveling Calculate the unknown point absolute elevation The principle of leveling Continuous leveling The principle of leveling The principle of leveling Continuous leveling hAB=∑h =h1+h2 + … =(a1 － b1)+(a2 － b2 )+ … = ∑a－∑b Level Level The structure of the level 水准仪 The structure of the level Level Telescope Level Circle Bubble Level Shoes and Level Rulers Level shoes is made of cast iron. General triangle bracket, the below three feet, can step into the soil. Above the level shoe has a hemisphere, the level ruler on the hemisphere. A ruler has two sides, one side is black and white, its name is main ruler , the other side is red and white, its name is auxiliary ruler. Level Shoes and Level Rulers The use of level Keep the level sight line axis horizontal Keep the circle bubble in the middle The use of level Read the scale Use the middle horizontal hair to catch the number Leveling in the field Leveling in the field Leveling in the field Known BMA absolute elevation HA＝19.153m，measure B point elevation HB，because A、B distance is too long，so we need continuous leveling . Leveling in the field Leveling in the field Leveling in the field Leveling in the field Leveling in the field * 第二章 水 准 测 量 The main content Absolute elevation Geoid Elevation difference A B a b hAB Forward Geoid HA（Known） HB=？ Back Front A B a b hAB Forward Geoid HA（Known） HB=？ Back Front Elevation Difference： hAB A B a b Forward Geoid HA HB HB In fact, we will often meet