Chapter 2 Acid-base Titration (水分析化学英文课件第二章).ppt

MO Litmus PP 3.1 4.4 5.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 Hybrid Indicators: Color changing is very sensitive due to the color complementation of two indicators. Example： pH 0 2 4 6 8 MR Bromcresol green (BG) BG—MR MR 4.4 6.2 Standard solution preparation 1. Standard substance must be solid, cheap, easy to obtain in highly pure state, stable. 2. It must react with titrant fast and with precisely defined stoichiometry. 3. High molar mass (or more precisely high equivalent mass) is also recommended, as it increases relative accuracy. 2.4 Characteristics of a standard substance: Generally, standard solution of acid can not be prepared directly. Prepare a solution with an approximate concentration desired compared with the desired one. 2. Select a standard substance with known conctration to titrate the standard acid or base solution. Preparing stock standard solution in laboratory is a critical step which affects the whole result. Standard preparation should be done by skilled analyst. 2.4 Acid-base titration curves pH 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 9.7 sp+0.1% 4.3 sp-0.1% sp 7.0 突跃 9.0 5.04.0 10.0 8.0 3.1 *6.2 *4.4 MO MR PP 0.10mol·L-1 HCl ↓ 0.10mol·L-1 NaOH 0.10mol·L-1 NaOH ↓ 0.10mol·L-1 HCl mL/titrant added Factors affecting sudden change 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 0 PP MR MO 5.04.4 9.0 6.2 4.4 3.1 0.01mol·L-1 0.1mol·L-1 1mol·L-1 10.7 9.7 8.7 7.0 5.3 4.3 3.3 突 跃 NaOH ↓ HCl NaOH added to HCl solutions with variable concentrations The smallest concentration: C=2×10-4 mol/L Appropriate concentration: 0.1~1 mol/L Strong base added to titrate a weak acid Reaction：OH- +HA = A- + H2O Example: 0.1000mol/L NaOH added to 20.00ml 0.1000mol/L HAc （1）Befor titration：0.1000mol/L HAc pH=2.87 （2）Befor EP: OH- + HAc = Ac- + H2O It is a buffer solution. cHAc= cNaOH=0.1000 mol/L When 19.98mL NaOH is