被动语态的译法(学习与复习材料) (2).docVIP

被动语态的译法 英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可以译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。 一、译成汉语主动语句 英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句也可以有几种不同情况： 1．原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 1）The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内全国武装起来了。 2）The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。 3）On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly. 在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只是轻描淡写地报道了一下。 2．原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 1）By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organiztion, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 2）It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。 3）Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. （人们）不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。 3．译成带表语的主动句 1）The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Fla. （轰炸机）机组人员是在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地训练的。 2）The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 3）He (Barrymore) then continued his walk down the alley. His (Sir Charles’) body was found at the end of it. 然后巴里莫尔继续沿着小道走下去。查尔斯爵士的尸体就是在小道尽头发现的。 4．常用被动句型的翻译 有一类以it作为形式主语的英语句子，在译文中常要改成主动形式，有时不加主语，有时则加上不确定的主语，如“有人”、“大家”、“人们”、“我们”等。 1）不加主语时 It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报……. It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见…… 2） 可加主语的 It is asserted that … 有人主张…… It is believed that … 有人相信（主张）…… It is generally considered that … 大家认为…… It is well known that … 大家知道（众所周知）…… It will be said that … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说…… 二、译成汉语被动句 汉语也有用被动形式来表达的情况。这一类句子，都是着重被动的动作，有些说出了动作的主动者，有些则不说出动作的主动者。英语被动句译成汉语被动句时往往借助于以下各种方式： 1．“被……”或“给……” 1) Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被进出机场的敌机