被动语态的结构与用法.docVIP

被动语态学习导航? 1.主动语态：强调动作的执行者? 2.被动语态：强调动作的对象? 4.被动语态的用法：当不知道动作的执行者时，或者就是强调动作的对象时语态：语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系，指出谓语动词的动作是由主语发出的还是主语是动词的承受者。英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。? 1.主动语态：表示谓语动词的动作是由主语发出的。这时主语是动作的执行者。例如：? I?have?finished?this?work.?我完成了这件工作。（“have?finished”这个动作是由“I”发出的，因此“I”就是动作的执行者。）? He?went?out?when?I?got?there.当我到那儿时，他出去了。? 2.被动语态：当句子的主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者时，或者主语是动作的对象。因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。例如：? ??He?was?punished?by?his?father.?他受到他父亲的惩罚。(句中的“He”就是谓语动词“punished”的承受者。）? 在被动语态的句子中，如果想强调动作的执行者时，用介词by加动作的执行者来表示。例如：? On?the?way?home,?he?was?beaten?by?Tom.?在回家的路上，他被汤姆打了。? The?glass?on?the?desk?was?broken?by?me.?桌子上的玻璃杯是我打碎的。? 常用的十种被动语态? 被动语态的构成：助动词be?＋动词的过去分词。英语中最常用的被动语态有十种：? 1.一般现在时：由am?/?are?/?is?＋done构成。例如：? I?am?often?praised?by?the?teachers.?我经常受到老师们的表扬。? He?is?a?good?teacher.?He?is?respected?by?the?teachers?and?his?students.?他是位好老师，受到师生们的好评。? You?are?wanted?on?the?phone.有你的电话。? 2.一般过去时：由was?/?were＋done构成。例如：? I?was?asked?to?go?to?Harbin?on?business?yesterday.我昨天被派往哈尔滨出差了。? This?teaching?building?was?completed?the?day?before?yesterday.这栋教学大楼是前天竣工的。? She?was?criticized?because?she?was?late?for?school?yesterday.由于昨天上学迟到，她受到了批评。? This?novel?was?published?in?1998.?这本小说是在1998年出版的。? 3.一般将来时：由shall?/?will?be＋done构成。例如：? The?sports?meeting?will?be?put?off.运动会将被推迟。? I?am?sure?that?we?shall?be?invited?to?the?party.我们肯定会被邀请参加舞会的。? He?will?be?sent?to?work?the?United?States.他将被派往美国去工作。? 4.一般过去将来时：由should?/?would?be?＋done构成。例如：? He?told?me?that?he?would?be?asked?to?attend?the?opening?ceremony.他告诉我说他将被邀请参加开幕式。? She?said?that?the?work?would?be?done?by?herself.她说她将自己做此工作。? I?asked?him?if?he?would?be?criticized?by?the?teacher.?我问他是否会受到老师的批评。? 5.现在进行时：由am?/?are?/?is?＋being＋done构成。例如：? The?new?teaching?building?is?being?built.?新的教学大楼正在修建。? The?street?in?front?of?my?house?is?being?widened.?我家前面的那条街道正在加宽。? Listen!?He?is?being?punished?by?the?teacher.听！老师在惩罚他。? 6.过去进行时：由was/?were?＋being＋done构成。例如：? He?realized?that?he?was?being?made?fun?of.他意识到有人在取笑他。? When?I?got?there,?the?cas