试论铁路运输价格改革——论文.docxVIP

PAGE IV 试论铁路运输价格改革 摘要 价格是铁路运输的核心。要从制度上规范铁路运输价格的制定办法，提高铁路运输价格制定的 科学性和透明度，就必须正确审视我国目前铁路运输价格制定存在的主要题。自上世纪中期统一铁路运价以来，我国一直实行政府定价，政府定价主要体现在运价率的制订上，国铁的客运票价率和货运运价率由铁道部拟订，国务院批准。市场经济的灵魂是要以市场确定一切。作为反映市场经济的价格体系是瞬息万变的，而铁路的货运运价完全是政府定价，与市场规律不相适应，以固定的运价对待灵活的市场造成了应得的收入得不到，本应属于铁路的货源流失等等。另外，我国铁路运输价格改革方面还存在其他诸多的问题。本文多角度介绍了我国铁路运输价格运行体系、管理体系、价格改革等方面存在的不足，并针对性地提出了解决措施。 关键词：铁路运输；价格改革；问题；措施  Abstract The price is the core of the railway transport. From the system specification rail transport prices to develop methods to improve the scientific and transparent pricing of rail transport, it is necessary to properly examine the main problem of our current rail transport pricing. Since the middle of last century unified railway tariffs, China has been subject to government pricing, government pricing is mainly reflected in the formulation of the tariff rate, the rate of national railway passenger fares and freight tariffs determined by the Ministry of Railways to develop the State Council for approval. The soul of the market economy is to make sure everything to the market. Reflect the price system of the market economy is constantly changing, and railway freight tariffs government pricing, are incompatible with the laws of the market, to treat flexible market caused deserved income is not fixed tariffs, which should belonging to any railway supply loss. In addition, Chinas railway transportation price reform, there are still many other problems. Multi-angle of this article describes the shortcomings of Chinas railway transportation price operating system, management system, the price reform, and put forward solutions. Keywords: rail transport; price reform;; measures 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \u 1 绪论 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究目的与意义 2 1.3 国内外研究现状 2 1.4 研究内容 3 2 理论基础 4 2.1 铁路运输介绍 4 2.2 货物运价体系 4 3 铁路运输价格改革现状与问题分析 5 3.1 运价政策与市场脱节 5 3.4.1 铁路根据货物品类进行运价分类 6 3.4.2 铁路基本运价中未包含建设投资的回报 6 3.4.3 建设基金占运费比重过大，削弱了运价的杠杆作用 6 3.4.5 价外收费挤占了价格空间 6 3.2 运价形成机制行政化过浓，运价调节机制僵化 7 3.3 现行制度存在缺陷 8 3.4 铁