麻醉专业英语.pdfVIP

麻醉专业英语 1 2 Chapter 1 Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance 1. The clinical manifestations of volume depletion are low blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia, poor skin turgor, and dry mucous membranes. The history may suggest the reason for volume depletion. 翻译： 血容量不足的临床表现包括低血压，脉压狭窄，心动过缓，轻度皮肤水 肿以及粘膜干燥。 病史的询问可能提示病因。 2. Combined water and electrolyte depletion may occur from gastrointestinal losses due to nasogastric suction, enteric fistulas, enterostomies, or diarrhea. Other causes are excessive diuretic therapy, adrenal insufficiency, profuse sweating, burns, and body fluid sequestration following trauma or surgery. 翻译： 水合并 电解质的不足可以由肠道的丢失引起，其中包括鼻饲管的引流， 肠瘘，肠造口术以及腹泻。 其他原因还包括，过度的利尿药治疗，肾上腺功能不 足，过度出汗，烧伤，以及创伤和手术造成的体液丢失。 3. Antidiuretic hormone, released during anesthesia and surgical stress, promotes water conservation by the kidneys. Renal vasoconstriction and increased aldosterone activity reduce sodium excretion. 翻译：麻醉期间以及手术刺激时分泌的抗利尿激素会加强肾脏的保水能力。同 时，肾血管的收缩和 固酮的活动增强也会减少钠的分泌。 4. Hyponatremia in severe hyperglycemia results from the osmotic effects of the elevated glucose concentration, which draws water from the intracellular apace to 3 dilute ECF sodium. 翻译 ：高糖血症时的低钠血症是由升高的血糖浓度的渗透作用造成的，也就 是说，过高的血糖浓度会迅速地将细胞内的水转移到血浆中对钠进行稀释。 5. With extracellular acidosis, a large proportion of the excess hydrogen is buffered intracellularly by an exchange of intracellular K+ for extracellular H+, this movement of K+ may produce dangerous hyperkalemia. 翻译 ：在胞外酸中毒时，很大一部分的胞外氢离子会和胞内的钾离子进行交 换，以此来对过多的氢离子进行缓冲，钾离子的这种运动可能会导致危险的高钾 血症。 6. The electrocardiographic changes are the most helpful indicators of the severity of hyperkalemia. E