大气环境化学课件：大气气溶胶 (2).ppt

Vertical distribution of absorption aerosols Shape of aerosols Composition of aerosols EC (soot) ω= 0.46 Sulfate ω= 1.0 H2O ω= 1.0 External Mixing of aerosols ā = ΣAi x Wi ā = 0.46*0.1 + 1.0*0.9 = 0.946 ā = 0.46*0.2 + 1.0*0.8 = 0.892 Fine particle ~ optical properties: light scattering and absorption Collaboration with MPI and IFT, Germany Guangzhou urban, 2004 Internal Mixing of Aerosols Heterogeneous ReactionsA ? B with γ N2O5 + sulfate ? 2HNO3 N2O5 + sulfate ? 2HNO3 HO2 + sulfate ? Products NOx,CO, HCs, Aerosols Emissions 大气化学－气溶胶－模式 NOx,CO, HCs, Aerosols Mixing Night PBL Mixing in low PBL during night NOx,CO, HCs, Aerosols Mixing Daytime PBL Mixing in high PBL during day NOx,CO, HCs, Aerosols Mixing Daytime PBL Chemical Reactions O3 Chemical reactions NOx,CO, HCs, Aerosols Mixing Daytime PBL Chemical Reactions O3 Wet and Dry deposition NOx,CO, HCs, Aerosols Daytime PBL Chemical Reactions O3 Transport Transport in Transport out Vertical transport Progress on the problem (1) Organic Acid effects (Ps decrease) P Ps Zhang et al., Science, 2004 Condensation Ks, kd Coagulation Coagulation M = Σ(i-1) Hydrotropic growth Hydrotropic growth D RH 80 Hydrotropic growth Change the cross-section of scattering Hydrotropic growth Change the absorption of aerosols Deposition Dry deposition Wet deposition Dry deposition The flux (F) to the surface F = - Vd x C? Vd = 1/(Ra + Rb + Rc) Ra is the aerodynamic resistance (meteorological conditions) Rb is the quasi-laminar sub-layer resistance (kinetic viscosity of air) Rc is the total surface resistance (surface type) Wet deposition Rain frequency and strength Solubility (hydrophilic aerosol only) 气溶胶－大气化学 气溶胶－大气化学 Photolysis (J) Heterogeneous reactions Tie et al., JGR [2005] Aerosols not only affect climate, but also chemistry Photolysis rate J Important Photolysis (J) Ozone formation VOCs + OH ? RO2 RO2 + NO ? NO2 NO2 +