计算机组织与结构：版7-11_ Instruction Sets addressing modes.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture7th Edition Chapter 11 Instruction Sets: Addressing Modes and Formats Key terms (1) immediate addressing direct addressing indirect addressing register addressing register indirect addressing displacement (indexed) addressing stack Key terms (2) autoindexing base-register addressing effective address relative addressing preindexing postindexing instruction format Addressing Modes Immediate Direct Indirect Register Register Indirect Displacement (Indexed) Stack Immediate Addressing Operand is part of instruction Operand = address field e.g. ADD 5 Add 5 to contents of accumulator 5 is operand No memory reference to fetch data Fast Limited range Immediate Addressing Diagram Direct Addressing Address field contains address of operand Effective address (EA) = address field (A) e.g. ADD A Add contents of cell A to accumulator Look in memory at address A for operand Single memory reference to access data No additional calculations to work out effective address Limited address space Direct Addressing Diagram Indirect Addressing (1) Memory cell pointed to by address field contains the address of (pointer to) the operand EA = (A) Look in A, find address (A) and look there for operand e.g. ADD (A) Add contents of cell pointed to by contents of A to accumulator Indirect Addressing (2) Large address space 2n where n = word length May be nested, multilevel, cascaded e.g. EA = (((A))) Draw the diagram yourself Multiple memory accesses to find operand Hence slower cascade 英音：[k?skeid] 层叠（的） 重叠排列 Indirect Addressing Diagram Register Addressing (1) Operand is held in register named in address filed EA = R Limited number of registers Very small address field needed Shorter instructions Faster instruction fetch Register Addressing (2) No memory access Very fast execution Very limited address space Multiple registers helps performance Requires good assembly programming or compiler writing N.B. C progr