国际组织概论重点.docVIP

国际组织概论重点 一、什么是全球治理 Global governance is not global government; it is not a single world order; it is not a top-down, hierarchical structure of authority. Global governance is the multi-level collection of governance-related activities, rules, and mechanisms, formal and informal, public and private. 全球治理不是全球政府，它不是一个单一的世界秩序，它不是一个自上而下的，层次结构的权威。全球治理是与治理相关的活动、规则和机制、正式的和非正式的、公共的和私人的多层次的集合。 二、全球治理的构成 a). international or transnational structures such as formal international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); 国际的或跨国机构如正式的政府间国际组织（IGOs）和国际非政府组织（NGOs） b).international rules or laws, norms as well as international regimes in which the rules, norms, and structures are linked together in a specific issue area; 国际规则或法律，规范，以及国际机制，规范和结构，在一个特定的问题区域连接在一起； c).ad hoc arrangements and global conferences; 特设安排和全球会议 d).private and hybrid public-private governance schemes 私人和混合公私治理计划 三、政府间国际组织（IGO） 1、定义 IGOs are organizations that include at least three states among their membership, that have activities in several states, and that are created through a formal intergovernmental agreement such as a treaty, charter, or statute. IGOs，包括至少有三个国家在他们的成员关系中，在几个国家内有活动，它的创建通过一个正式的政府间协议，如条约、宪章或议定书。 2、常见的IGO UN=联合国 ; WHO=世界卫生组织 ; WTO=世界贸易组织 ；ASEAN=东盟 ; AU =非洲国家联盟; EU=欧盟 ; ECOWAS=西非国家经济共同体 ; GCC=海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会；OAS=美洲国家组织；ILO=国际劳工组织 3、功能 IGOs serve many diverse functions, including collecting information and monitoring trends, delivering services and aid. 政府间国际组织提供许多不同的功能，包括信息采集和监测的发展趋势，提供服务和救助。 providing forums for intergovernmental bargaining, and adjudicating disputes. 为政府间谈判提供平台以及裁决争端。 IGOs are instrumental in helping states form stable habits of cooperation through regular meetings, information gathering and analysis, and dispute settlement as well as operational activities. 政府间国际组织致力于帮助各国通过例会形成稳定的合作习惯，收集信息和分析，以及业务活动争端解决。 They enhance individual and collective welfare. 提高个人和集体福利。 4、国家为什么会选择加入IGO The IGOs allow for the centraliz