上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通公务概论第五章轨道工程.pptVIP

整体道床 没有道砟层，用混凝土或钢筋混凝土浇筑于坚实的基础之上形成整体道床。 构造简单，外表整洁美观 稳定性好，养护维修量少 厚度较小，隧道净空相应增加 有病害时维修较难 施工精度要求高 道床弹性差，扣件形式较复杂 整体道床与道砟道床的比较 Slab Track There are now a range of modern track forms using a concrete base.? They are generally used in special locations such as tunnels or bridges where a rigid base is required to ensure track stability in relation to the surrounding structures.? This type of track, usually called slab track. 长轨枕式整体道床 现浇承轨台式整体道床 整体道床 板式轨道 浮置板轨道 浮置板轨道 第七节 道岔 道岔 道岔 列车由一条线路转向或越过另一条线路时的设备称为道岔 道岔分成 连接、交叉、连接与交叉 三种类型 道岔类型 单开道岔的组成 左开单开道岔 轨腰螺栓孔裂纹 轨头核伤 轨头剥离 钢轨磨耗 侧面磨耗 波浪磨耗 钢轨锈蚀 第三节 轨枕 轨下“基础”—轨枕，保持钢轨的轨距、方向 最普通的、应用最广的是按材料分类的轨枕——木枕、混凝土枕。 Sleeper （Tie) Traditionally, sleepers (known as ties in the US) are wooden, which are easy to cut and drill and used to be cheap and plentiful.? Nowadays, they are becoming more expensive and other types of materials have appeared, concrete and steel.? 木枕 木枕的弹性是最好的，结构是最简单的。 由于资源有限，在我国除了桥上、道岔上很少使用。 砼轨枕 砼轨枕 Concrete Sleepers Concrete is the most popular of the new types .? Concrete sleepers are much heavier than wooden ones, so they resist movement better.? They work well under most conditions but there are some railways which have found that they do not perform well under the loads of heavy haul freight trains.? They offer less flexibility and are alleged to crack more easily under heavy loads with stiff ballast.? They also have the disadvantage that they cannot be cut to size for turnouts and special trackwork.? A concrete sleeper can weighs up to 320 kg (700 lbs) compared with a wooden sleeper which weighs about 100 kg or 225 lbs.? 预应力混凝土轨枕—PC轨枕（prestressed concrete) 先张拉预应力钢筋，然后浇筑混凝土的施工方法，称为先张法，先张法的张拉台座设备如图所示。 先浇筑混凝土，待混凝土硬化后，在构件上直接张拉预应力钢筋，这种施工方法称为后张法。 Twin Block sleepers 为了减轻砼轨枕的重量，法国出现了一种Twin Block Sleepers。 The design consists of two concrete blocks joined by a steel bar.? It is 30% lighter than a regular concrete sleeper, allowing it to be moved manually and for some lighter track forms like those used for tramway syst