(完整版)现在完成时讲解与习题.docVIP

现在完成时讲解与习题 1. 概念 ⑴表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果依然存在 （已完成） 。常与副词 already （肯 定） ,yet （否定，疑问） ,just,ever,never,once,twice,befoe 等连用。 如： We have already known each other. I have just washed my face. He has been to this island before. ⑵也表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去（未完成）。 常与 for （ +时间段） ,since （ +时间点或过去时的句子） ,so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 如： 如： We have lived there since 2000. Mr.zhang has been in Beijing for over thirty years. He has learned English since he was 6 years old. 注：这种用法中的动词用延续性动词 。非延续性动词要用延续性动词代替。 常见非延续性 动词与延续性动词的转换： buy — have borrow — keep come — be here leave/go — be away begin/start —be on die — be dead join — be in 如： I have kept(borrow) the book for two weeks. She has had(buy) this bike for a year. The old man has been dead(die) since last year. They have been away(leave) for two hours. 2. 句型结构 ⑴肯定句 ：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 ( 主语是第三人称单数时用 has ， 其他人称用 have) 。 如： I have done my homework since 6:00. They have found the lost boy. She has gone to Beijing since she was 16 years old. ⑵否定句： 主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 如： They have worked for 20 hours. → They haven ’ t worded for 20 hours. He has had his breakfast. → He hasn ’ t had his breakfast. ⑶一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 如： She has been to Beijing. → Has she been to Beijing? ---Yes,she has./No,she hasn ’ t. They have already learned three English songs. → Have they learned three English songs yet ? ---Yes,they have./No,they haven ’ t. ⑷特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ : How many words has he learned yet? How long hawe you lived here? 注： have/has been to 表示“去过某地”（已回来） . 瞬间动词形式 have/has gone to 表示“去某地了”（还未回来）人不在说话处，主语常用第三人称。 1 Have/has been in 表示“已经。。。。。。”（持续的） . 持续性动词形式 过去分词变化规则 ⑴规则动词过去分词同过去式。 ⑵不规则动词需要记忆。 AAA 型 1) cost — cost — cost 2) cut —cut — cut 3) hit — hit — hit 4) hurt — hurt — hurt 5) let —let — let 6) put — put — put 7) read — read — read 8) set — set — set 9) shut — shut — shut AAB型 1) beat — beat — beaten ABA 型 become — became— become 2) come — came— come 3) run — ran —run ABB型 1) bring — brought — br