朗德科技声学测试培训教材.pptVIP

T朗德科技 LAND干 OPTECHNOL O G Y 第卡部分:声学基础  朗德科技删圈 LAND干 OPTECHNOL O G Y What is a sound?声音是什么? 1- Physical phenomenon物理现象 Sound is a phenomenon defined as a time varying disturbance of the density of a fluid medium associated with very small vibrational movements of fluid particles 声音是一种物理现象,是描述由于媒体质点振动运动引起的质点密度随时间变化的情况 matter with:质点:具有连续相同的: mass 质量 密度 temperature 温度 associated with very smal! changes of pressure and temperature.随压力、温度有微小变化 Particle small bit of continuous medium the molecules of the medium 质点=少量连续的媒质颗粒≠媒质的化学分子 Density change: compressibility change of volume 密度变化:压缩比例=颗粒数量变化  r朗德科拉删■ A N O PTE CHNO O G Y S Equilibrium state of fluid articles The small compression(due to the disturbance) 平衡状态 followed by a compensating rarefaction. The local Po Va po●●●●● particle displacement is first in the direction of propagation then it returns to its initial position after passage of the disturbance. 。●●●● of the disturbance 干扰开 oo.0 If the associated particle velocity is normal to the Hf direction of propagation of the disturbance =shear wave 间 质点沿声波传播的方向产生位移,往返运动,并将位移传 ●Q:●● 递到下一个质点,这样就形成了波的传递。 Propagation of 纵波--媒质质点的振动方向与声波的传播方向一致。 the disturbance 横波-…媒质质点的振动方向与声波的传播方向相互垂直 扰动传播方向●●  T朗德科技 LAND干 OPTECHNOL O G Y The disturbance propagates throughout the medium in the form of wave at a characteristic speed c 声波在媒质中的传播速度为C C 空气 C=1450 ms-1 about in water k C=5200ms-1 about in steel钢铁 C=3400ms1 about in concrete混凝土 propagation velocity C 传播速度C  朗德科技删圈 A N O PTE CHNO O G Y aves can propagate in Fluids: fluid borne noise or transmissions(ex: in car: steering systems, pumps. In houses: piping systems.) Air: air borne noise ortransmission(motor of the car ide the Solids: solid borne noise or transmission( ex radiated noise from wind screen or doors. . in house radiated noise from wal 液体、气体、固体都可以传递声波 空气动力噪声—由气体振动产生。气体的压力产生突变,从而引起噪声,空气压缩机、电风扇的噪声 属此类。 机械噪声—由固体振动产生。金属板、齿轮、轴承等设备运行时,受到撞击摩擦及各种突变机械 力的作