“套路贷”相关犯罪认定问题研究.pdf

摘 要 “套路贷”是近几年出现的新型犯罪，来源于民间借贷活动，犯罪团伙设计 贷款陷阱，欺骗借款人踏入套路之中，最终侵夺借款人财产，这不仅侵害了借款 人的人身权和财产权，而且扰乱社会秩序，妨害司法公正。 2017年10 月份，我国首个针对 “套路贷”犯罪进行规制的文件由上海市司 法机关颁发，这弥补了“套路贷”犯罪案件的规制空白；浙江、重庆、安徽等地 也紧随其后，针对本省办案实践发布了相关指导性文件。2019年4月，最高法、 最高检、公安部及司法部联合出台了四份适用全国的指导性文件，为规范“套路 贷”犯罪的认定问题以及打击黑恶势力犯罪发挥了积极作用。但是在实际案件审 理中，仍存在一些问题亟待解决。因此，从实证分析角度出发，结合审判实践， 归纳 “套路贷”犯罪认定存在的问题，并提出建议，这具有重大实践意义。 “套路贷”犯罪过程主要包含五步：营造民间借贷假象，签署虚高借款合同 ——制造资金走账流水的虚假给付事实——故意制造违约或肆意认定违约—— 恶意垒高借款金额——软硬兼施索债。犯罪团伙采用的方式通常有“无抵押贷款” “房屋抵押”“机动车抵押”“校园贷款”或 “裸贷”等等，触犯了诸多罪名， 如诈骗罪、敲诈勒索罪、非法拘禁罪、寻衅滋事罪等。上述行为可以分为“诈骗” 和“索债”两个阶段，前后两阶段的罪数确定在司法实务中也存在类似方法不同 判决的情况，因此，应针对 “套路贷”犯罪中罪名认定中出现的情况，出台更详 细的办案指导；同时，依据侵害法益的数量来解决罪数问题。 关键词：民间借贷；套路贷；罪名认定；罪数；诈骗罪 I Abstract As a new type of crime, “Elaborately-planned Loans” comes from the booming private lending activities in recent years. By making loan traps and designing serial scams, victims are gradually trapped in those pitfalls. Those behaviors impaired the borrower's rights and interests seriously, and also make social in disorder, hindered judicialjustice,andchallengedthemoralbottom lineofsociety. In October 2017, Shanghai issued “The Work Opinions on Handling Criminal Casesof Elaborately-planned Loans”,which isthe first document in Chinatoregulate this crime. Soon after, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Anhui and other provinces also issued relevant guidance documents. On April 9, 2019, four ministry jointly issued “The Opinions on Several Issues in Handling Elaborately-planned Loans Criminal Cases”, “The Opinions on Several Issues in Handling Criminal Cases of Evil Powers”, “The Opinions on Issues Relating to Disposal of Property” and “The Opinions on Issues Relating to the Implementation of Criminal Cases with Soft Violence”. Those four documentshaveplayed apositiverole in unifyingjudicial determination.However,in the trial of practical cases, there are