非谓语动词重点笔记.docVIP

非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词形式(以动词do为例) ? 动词不定式 动词-ing形式 动词过去分词 通常式 to do doing done 通常被动式 to be done being done ? 完成式 to have done having done ? 完成被动式 to have been done having been done ? 进行式 to be doing ? ? 完成进行式 to have been doing ? ? 2.非谓语动词在句子中作用 ? 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ 动词不定式 1用作主语： （1）常见it作形式主语： e.g. To learn a foreign language well is not easy. It（形式主语）is not easy to learn a foreign language well.（真正主语） （2）不定式逻辑主语有两种情况(用for sb.或of sb.)： It is + adj. +for sb. + to do（强调to do 动作） It is + adj. +of sb. + to do（强调sb.品质特征） e.g. It is kind of you to help me in time. It is hard for you to help me in time. 2用作宾语： （1）接不定式作宾语动词常见有afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, care, choose, dare, decide, desire, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等 e.g. He managed to send his son to study abroad, although he was not rich. （2）常见it作形式宾语 e.g. Do you think it necessary to go there? 3用作表语： （1）通常说来，不定式做表语，相当于名词，说明主语内容 e.g. My job is to drive the car. All she would do was to go home. （2）不定式作表语，要求保持句子平衡，即主语为不定式，表语也必需用不定式 e.g. To see is to believe. 4用作宾补： e.g. I warned the boy not to be late again. （1）感官动词hear see notice observe + sb + do（省略to不定式）表示常常地、习惯动作或全过程 watch listen to look at （2）使役动词have make + sb./ sth. +do (省略to不定式) let e.g. I noticed her enter the office. We heard him sing every day. 注意：在被动语态中to必需还原。 5 用作定语： （1）不定式作定语时，表示立即发生动作 e.g. I have nothing to write （2）序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰名词能够用不定式作定语。 e.g. He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker. (3) 下列名词常常带不定式作定语。 如：person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等。 e.g. We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island. （4）不定式动词是不及物动词，则须加合适介