动物病毒学课件 第四讲：病毒复制【6、7次】【英文】.pptVIP

Animal virology Ⅳ Virus Replication Strategies * Abstact Principal events involved in replication: Adsorption, penetration, uncoating nucleic acid and protein synthesis, assembly, maturation and release. PRINCIPAL EVENTS INVOLVED IN REPLICATION 1. ADSORPTION Virus attaches to the cell surface. Attachment is via ionic interactions which are temperature-independent. Viral attachment protein recognizes specific receptors on the cell surface (These may be protein or carbohydrate or lipid components of the cell surface). Cells without the appropriate receptors are not susceptible to the virus. ? 2. PENETRATION (Virus enters the cell) Enveloped viruses (A) Entry by fusing with the plasma membrane. Some enveloped viruses fuse directly with the plasma membrane. Thus, the internal components of the virion are immediately delivered to the cytoplasm of the cell. (B) Entry via endosomes【核内体】 at the cell surface Some enveloped viruses require an acid pH for fusion to occur and are unable to fuse directly with the plasma membrane. These viruses are taken up by invagination of clathrin coated pits into endosomes. As the endosomes become acidified, the latent fusion activity of the virus proteins becomes activated by the fall in pH and the virion membrane fuses with the endosome membrane. This results in delivery of the internal components of the virus to the cytoplasm of the cell. Non-enveloped viruses Non-enveloped viruses may cross the plasma membrane directly or may be taken up via clathrin-coated pits into endosomes. They then cross (or destroy) the endosomal membrane. ? 3. UNCOATING Nucleic acid has to be sufficiently uncoated that virus replication can begin at this stage. When the nucleic acid is uncoated, infectious virus particles cannot? be recovered? from the cell - this is the start of the ECLIPSE phase - which lasts until new infectious virions are made. ? 4. SYNTHESIS OF VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN A lot of strategies are used, different sort of virus