动物病毒学课件 第三讲：病毒形态结构【4、5次】【英文】.pptVIP

动物病毒学Animal virology 动物科技学院预防兽医学教研室 Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Animal Science and Technology College 胡桂学 Hu Guixue Ⅲ Definitions, Classification, Morphology and Chemistry * Abstact An introduction to viruses, their nature, structure and classification in this class. Viruses consist of a nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) associated with proteins encoded by the nucleic acid. The virus may also have a lipid bilayer membrane (or envelope) but this is acquired from the host cell, usually by budding through a host cell membrane. If a membrane is present, it must contain one or more viral proteins to act as ligands[配合体] for receptors on the host cell. Many viruses encode a few structural proteins (those that make up the mature virus particle (or virion) and perhaps an enzyme that participates in the replication of the viral genome. Other viruses can encode many more proteins, most of which do not end up in the mature virus but participate in some way in viral replication. Herpes virus【疱疹病毒】is one of the more complicated viruses and has 90 genes. Since many viruses make few or no enzymes, they are dependent on host cell enzymes to produce more virus particles. Thus virus structure and replication are fundamentally different from those of cellular organisms. Viral dependence on the host cell for various aspects of the growth cycle has complicated the development of drugs since most drugs will inhibit cell growth as well as viral multiplication (because the same cell enzymes are used). Since a major reason to study viral metabolism is to find drugs that selectively inhibit the multiplication of viruses, we need to know when the virus uses its own proteins for part of its replication cycle - we can then try to develop drugs which inhibit the viral proteins (especially viral enzymes) specifically. In contrast to viruses, the much larger bacteria (figure 1) carry out their own metabolic processes and code for their own enzymes. Even when catalyz