英语语言学知识点整理.docxVIP

Haliday — child language. Macrofunctions: ideational, interpersonal, textual. what are major branches of linguistics? what does each study? Phonetics---- the study of the phonic medium of language, it ’ s concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world ’ s languages. Phonology---the study of sounds systems— the inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterns into which they fall. Morphology --- It ’ s a branch of a grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. Syntax-------its a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of a language. Semantics---It ’ s simply defined as the study of meaning in abstraction. Pragmatics---the study of meaning in context of words. The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. Sociolinguistics— the study of language with reference to society. Psycholinguistics---the study of language with reference to the working of the mind. Applied linguistics---the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning. Chapter2 Phonology three branches of phonetics: ① Articulatory — describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ. ② Auditory -–studies the physical properties of speech sounds, reaches the important conclusion that phonetic identity is only a theoretical ideal. ③ Acoustic-–studies the physical properties of speech sounds ,the way sound travel from the speaker to the hearer. Organs of Speech : Pharyngeal cavity– 咽腔 Oral cavity– 口腔 greatest source of modification of air stream found here Nasal cavity– 鼻腔 Broad transcription: The transcription of speech sounds with letter symbols only. (leaf /l/) ★Narrow transcription: The transcription of speech sound with letters symbols and the diacritics.(dark /l/~) Phonetics and Phonology 区别 : are concerned with the same aspect of language- the speech sounds. ① Phonetics: it is