哈姆雷特与哲学.pdf

哈姆雷特与哲学 内容摘要：哈姆雷特是莎士比亚笔下最具哲学气质的王子。但在剧中，哈姆雷特两度拒斥 了哲学。哈姆雷特追问存在的形而上意义表明，他深受自然哲学影响。然而，哈姆雷特的 沉思天性与他过强的血气结合，导致他对灵魂和德性的认识出现偏颇，甚至表现出强烈的 相对主义和诡辩倾向。由于哈姆雷特王子所学的哲学缺乏对人的灵魂与人类基本政治事务 的恰切认识，最终导致他走向世界主义。通过呈现潜在王者与哲学的不恰当结合，莎士比 亚在剧中透露了哲学可能败坏政治的隐忧。 关键词：哈姆雷特；哲学；灵魂；德性；世界主义 作者简介：罗峰，文学博士，华东师范大学英语系副研究员，主要从事古希腊悲剧、古典诗学、 古典哲学和莎士比亚戏剧研究。本文受“华东师范大学外语学院 2016 年度教学科研项目 培育计划”及“华东师范大学英语系教学科研促进项目”资助。 Title: Hamlet and Philosophy Abstract:In Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet is the prince who is most deeply stained with philosophical temperament. In the plasy, Hamlet mentions but refuses “philosophy” twice. That Hamlet is influenced by natural philosophy is shown in that he keeps on probing into the metaphysical meaning of existence. But Hamlet’s contemplative nature is combined with his spiritedness, leading to his inappropriate understanding of soul and virtue, and further brings about his tendency of relativism and sophism. In virtue of prince Hamlet’s lack of an appropriate knowledge of human nature and human affairs, he finally heads for cosmopolitism. Through a presentation of the improper joint of a potential man of politics with philosophy, Shakespeare reveals his hidden concern about the possible corruption that philosophy could do to politics. Key words: Hamlet; philosophy; soul; virtue; cosmopolitism Author: Luo Feng is associate professor at School of Foreign Languages, East China Normal University (Shanghai 200241, China). Her research interests are ancient Greek tragedy, classical poetics, classical philosophy, and Shakespearean studies. Email: roseluofeng@163.com ① 在莎士比亚笔下，最具哲人气质的角色无疑是哈姆雷特。 这位丹麦王子常年求学于 威登堡，与学哲学的霍拉旭同窗多年。在剧中，哲学一词两次明确出现，均由哈姆雷特提 及，但他两度拒斥了哲学。在与霍拉旭首次碰面时，哈姆雷特就将他对哲学的质疑袒露无 1.5.165— 166 ② 遗：“天地之间有更多事，是你（我？）们的哲学没有梦想到的呢”（ ） 。 随后，哈姆雷特甚至毫不掩饰对哲学的轻蔑之情，“哼……要是哲学能把它推究出来的话” 36 外国文学研究 2016 年第 6 期 2.2.304