外科学（总论）：全麻.pptVIP

Complications During Anaesthesia Hypotention Decreased cardiac output Decreased venous return Myocardial Vasodilation Drugs Septicaemia Hypovolaemia Haemorrhage Complications During Anaesthesia Hypertension Hypervolaemia Myocardial ischaemia Cardiac arrest Embolism Hypoxaemia Complications During Anaesthesia Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Respiratory obstruction Intubation problems Aspiration of gastric contents Hiccups Adverse drug effects Complications During Anaesthesia Malignant hyperthermia (MH) Hyperthermia Hypothermia Acute intermittent porphyria(AIP) Awareness Injury Monitoring During Anaesthesia Cardiac Monitors Arterial blood pressure Noninvasive arterial blood pressure Invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring Electrocardiography Central venous catheterization Pulmonary artery catheterization Cardiac output Technique of Noninvasive Arterial Blood pressure Monitoring Palpation Doppler probe Auscultation Oscillometry Plethysmography Arterial Tonometry Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring (Selection of Artery for Cannulation) Radial artery Brachial artery Ulnar artery femoral artery Dorsalis pedis Posterior tibial artery Axillary artery  Complications of Invasive Arterial Cannulation Haematoma Vasospasm Arterial thrombosis Embolization of air bubbles or thrombi Skin necrosis overlying the catheter Nerve damage Infection Unintentional intra-arterial drug injection Monitoring During AnaesthesiaRespiratory System Monitoring Precordial easophageal stethoscope Breathing circuit pressure exhaled tidal volume Pulse oximetry End-tidal carbon dioxide analysis Transcutaneous oxygen carbon dioxide monitors Anaesthetic gas analysis Monitoring During AnaesthesiaNeurologic System Monitors Electroencephalography Evoked potential BIS Narcotrend  Monitoring During AnaesthesiaMiscellaneous Monitors Temperature Urine output Peripheral nerve stimulation Questions What is the meaning of MAC? What are the Guedel’s classic signs of anaesthesia