生物化学教学课件：Chapter 8 Biological Oxidation.pptVIP

3. Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase (mixed-function oxidase, or hydroxylase) in microsome Monooxygenases incorporate one atom from O2 into a product and reduce the other atom to water. RH + NADPH+H+ +O2 → R-OH + NADP+ + H2O This type of enzyme is used in hydroxylation of steroid hormones, bile acid, and biotransformation in liver, etc. NADPH Monooxygenase NADPH-Cyt P450 reductase (FAD, Fe-S) Cyt P450 Respiratory chain (electron transfer chain) P/O ratio Oxidative Phosphorylation Key terms Respiratory chain (electron transfer chain) The mitochondrial respiratory chain consists of a series of sequentially acting electron carriers, most of which are integral proteins with prosthetic groups capable of accepting and donating either one or two electrons. Each component of the chain can accept electrons from the preceding carrier and transfer them to the following one. Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers. This process, which takes place in mitochondria, is the major source of ATP in aerobic organisms. * The oxidation taking place in organism is termed biological oxidation. It mainly refers to the enzymatic steps in the oxidative degradation of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids to CO2 , H2O and energy. Part of the energy is used for the generation of ATP from ADP and Pi, and the rest is released as heat energy. The NADH and FADH2 formed in glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are energy-rich molecules because each contains a pair of electrons having a high transfer potential. When these electrons are used to reduce molecular oxygen to water, a large amount of free energy is liberated, which can be used to generate ATP. The mitochondrial respiratory chain consists of a series of enzymes with prosthetic groups capable of accepting and donating