商务英语语用学教程课件 Chapter 8 Presupposition(1).pptxVIP

Chapter 8 Presupposition(1);Contents;Video watching;A case;In daily linguistic communication, people tend to express themselves implicitly, can you guess why? 你带来的美食看起来就很好吃。 Mike gave up smoking.;What is presuppostion? ;2 types of presupposition;Characteristics of pragmatic presupposition;presupposition;1. negation test 否定测试法 Helens car is beautiful. Helen has a car. Helens car is not beautiful. Helen has a car.;Presupposition comes from some words and constructions indicating what the speaker presupposes, which are called presupposition triggers. Presupposition trigger is an important notion of presupposition. Although it was thought as a part of semantic presupposition, it plays an important role in the realization of pragmatic presupposition. ;1. definite descriptions 确定性的描述 E.g.: John got married last week. There existed a person called John. Johns wife is a school teacher. John has a wife. 2. factive verbs 实情动词 (be aware that, be sorry that, be glad that, be proud that, be pleased that, be odd, be strange that, be disappointing that etc.) E.g.: John realized that he had made a mistake. John made a mistake.; 3. implicative verbs 含蓄动词: manage, happen, forget E.g.: I forgot to bring the book. I ought to have brought the book. 4. change of state verbs 表示状态改变的动词: （stop, finish, begin, start, carry on, continue, cease, leave, arrive, enter, come, go, turn, transform etc.） E.g.: He stopped smoking cigars. He had been smoking cigars. 5. iteratives 表示反复的词语 E.g.: He promised to ring again. He had rung before.;Come on!;verbs of judging 判断性动词 E.g.: Peter accused Smith of forgery. Peter thinks forgery is bad. adverbial clauses of time 时间状语从句 E.g.: After his father died he stepped into a large fortune. His father died. cleft sentences 分裂句 E.g.: What I am looking for is my passport. I am looking for something.;structures and expressions indicating c