语法——从属结构一教学内容.ppt

语法——从属结构一;名词性分句 名词性分句能在句中起名词词组的作用，可以在句中作主语、宾语、主语补语、同位语和介词补足成分。 That 从句作主语 That 从句是由陈述句转化而来的。正式文体中可以将它置于句首作主语，通常采用 it 作先行主语，将 that 从句放在后面。例如： That you do not like her has nothing to do with it. It’s possible that there’ll be a vacancy. It is reported that the troops have already crossed the border.;That 从句作补足语 That 从句也可以在系动词后作补足语，说明事实或想法。例如： My advice is that you should sell the car. The answer is simply that they aren’t interested in doing it. That 从句作宾语 That 从句最普通的用法是作某些动词的宾语。例如： He complained that his meal was cold. Evidence indicated that the experiments were unsuccessful. 少数几个介词后可以接 that 从句充当宾语，如 except that, but that, save that, in that： I prefer his plan to yours, in that his is more practical. We know nothing about her save that her surname is Jones.;That 从句作同位语 同位语从句用于解释说明先行词的内容，通常由 that 引导，除此外还可用 whether, what 等疑问词。例如： We came to the decision that we must act at once. He made a proposal that the meeting be postponed. the fact that…是较常见的同位语结构，例如： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everybody in the office. He was held responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor. It is impossible to disguise the fact that business is bad. ;That 的省略问题 That 从句充当主语、补语、同位语时，一般不省略。That 从句充当宾语时，如果前面的动词为常用动词，that 往往可以省略，如果前面的动词为较正式、不常用的动词，that 不宜省略。例如： She said (that) she was feeling better. The judge held that the childs interests in this case must come first. 当一个句子有多个 that 从句充当宾语时，第一个 that 可以省略，但后面的 that 不能省略。例如： He told me (that) he would go fishing tomorrow afternoon and that he would invite Mary to go with him.;Whether/if 从句 Whether/if 从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的间接问句，采用陈述句的语序。例如： She asked whether/if I could speak French. She didn’t say she’d go or stay at home. Tell me you like it or not. I am wondering or not we will get there in time. Tell me to do it. I didnt know to believe him or not .; he will agree is another matter. It was uncertain he could come. The question is people will buy it. I worr