复旦R语言课件完整版本.ppt

Using R on Windows(MS) Basic statistical analysis by R Data Input ? From the keyboard one by one – c( ) ; scan( ) ? From the file – read.table() ; read.csv(); read.csv2(); read.dta(); read.spss(); … ? By a spreadsheet – data.entry() – edit() – fix() – …… Data Edit ? Commands – edit() – fix() Tips: edit() can invoke an notepad in the RGui! Data Discription ? Commands – summary() – mean() – sd() – hist() – boxplot() – …… Probability Distribution Three useful prefix in Probability Distribution Function ? dxxx for the density ? pxxx for the CDF ? qxxx for the quantile function ? rxxx for the simulation(random deviates) They are different! The seed is set by the system. You can set seed yourself by set.seed(). Statistical Inference ? Commands – qxxx () for the quantile function – t.test() – wilcox.test(stats) – kruskal.test(stats) – var.test(); shapiro.test(); qqnorm(); qqline() -- …… Analysis of variance and Regression Analysis ? Commands – anova() – lm() – …… R: Statistics? Programme? and Who are You? -- An ABC introduction to R Presented by Guohui Ding RD, SIBS, CAS For Fudan University Main Topics Today ? What is R? ? How to administrate R? ? How does R work? ? How to apply R for statistical problem? ? How to program your R function? ? ……… What is R? A brief history of R The legend of R ? R started in the early 1990s as a project by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, intended to provide a statistical environment in their teaching lab. The lab had Macintosh computers, for which no suitable commercial environment was available. Robert Gentleman Ross Ihaka Rs Parents(1) ? The S language – S: an interactive environment for data analysis developed at Bell Laboratories since 1976 – Exclusively licensed by ATT/Lucent to Insightful Corporation , Seattle WA. Product name: “S - plus”. You can learn more from: My father is S, mother is Scheme, but why my name is “R”? ? The Scheme language Scheme is a statically s