动物学英文教学课件Unit 2-1 Protista_Part_I.pptVIP

美洲引起恰加斯病(Chaga disease)的枯氏锥虫(Trypanosome cruzi)和在非洲引起睡眠病(sleeping sickness)的布氏锥虫(T. brucei). Endemic:区域流行病 * metacyclic trypomastigotes：循环后期锥鞭毛体；amastigote：无鞭毛体 * Xenodiagnosis is a process to diagnose an infectious disease by exposing tissue to a vector and then examining the vector for the presence of a microorganism or pathogen. Xenodiagnosis is not commonly used in diagnosing Lyme disease[2], however the process is commonly used to diagnose infections involving microorganisms such as trypanosomiasis. Emile Brumpt introduced the xenodiagnosis technique into parasitological research and extensively studied such diseases as bilharzia, Chagas disease, onchocerciasis and leishmaniasis. Medical professionals primarily use xenodiagnosis in determining the presence of a chronic infection of Trypanosoma cruzi (the flagellate that causes Chagas disease). Directly and definitively demonstrating the presence of this causative agent in a patient proves difficult. Therefore, the doctor allows a triatominae, a vector of the flagellate, to take a blood meal from the patient. The doctor later inspects the gut of the triatominae for growth of Trypanosoma cruzi. Medical professionals historically successfully identified babesiosis with xenodiagnosis, both in hamsters for Babesia microti and in gerbils for Babesia divergens. They now use faster diagnostic measures. * 白蛉属：毛蠓科吸血白蛉的一个属，包括60余种，雌性吸血 * 或黑热病 * visceral?[‘v?s?r?l]?：1. 内脏的 2. 出自内心深处的。1.内脏的, 影响内脏的 * * * Ceratium：角藻属:甲藻门角藻科的 1属。植物体为单细胞，明显不对称，背腹扁平，具1个顶角和 2～3个底角。横沟位于细胞中部，呈环状或略呈螺旋状，将植物体分为上、下壳，腹面中部向下壳延伸，呈近菱形的透明区，即纵沟，它通常伸入上壳。上壳具 4块顶板，4～5块沟前板，下壳具5块沟后板和 1块底板。鞭毛2条，色素体多数，周生，圆盘状，呈黄、黄绿、褐色。具或不具眼点。具 1个大的间核型细胞核（见图）。常见的繁殖方法为细胞纵分裂，有些种类也产生动孢子或具有角的厚壁孢子。粗糙角藻具异形配合，其营养细胞是单倍体。 夜光虫(Noctiluca)是一类生涯在海水中的原生动物，在分类学上附属于鞭毛纲、腰鞭毛目。它们在夜间因为海水摇动的抚慰能发光 虫黄藻（Zooxanthella）是一种与珊瑚虫共生的单细胞植物。据估计，每mm3的珊瑚组织内有3万个虫黄藻，它们与珊瑚虫互惠共存。 珊瑚虫要不断大量繁殖、分泌石灰质骨骼，就要有充足的动物性食物。但是珊瑚虫生活的热带浅海水域中，浮游植物的生物总量不大，这就大大限制了浮游动物的生物量。珊瑚虫单单依靠捕食浮游动物，是不能维持它们的正常发育并繁衍后代的。那么其它的营养来自何方呢？自虫黄藻发现以来，才找到了科学