(完整版)2017年中考英语被动语态(重要).docVIP

被 动 语 态 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如： Many people speak Chinese. 谓语： speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者， 即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语 Chinese 是动词 speak 的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。 现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时： am／ is／ are＋ spoken 一般过去时： was／ were＋ spoken 一般将来时： will ／ shall be＋ spoken 现在进行时： am／ is／ are being＋ spoken 过去进行时： were／ was being＋ spoken 现在完成时： have／ has been＋ spoken 过去完成时： had been + spoken 三、被动语态的用法 (1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的 ) This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于 1981年。 (2) 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如： The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time. 你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 四、被动语态的用法详解： 一般现在时的被动语态构成： Our classroom is cleaned everyday. Knives are used for cutting things.  is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 I am asked to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成： was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long time ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成： has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成： will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 Young trees must be watered often. The door may be locked inside.  be + 及物动词的过去分词 Your mistakes should be corrected right now. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成： am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is repairin g my bike now. → My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now. 1 They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态： to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted. 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把谓语变成被动结构 (be＋过去分词 ) (根据被动语态句子里的主语