荷载及设计原则：Chapter 4 Actions for Building Structures.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Actions for Building Structures According to the function of buildings, it can be divided into industrial buildings, commercial and residential buildings. With different functions, the types of loads carried by structures would be different. The main loads of building structures include: Permanent loads ( or dead loads) Live loads on floor and roof Snow loads, Roof ash loads Crane loads (in other course) Construction and maintenance loads Wind Loads Earthquake action (in chapter 3) soil pressure, water pressure Chapter 4 Actions for Building Structures Chapter 4 Actions for Building Structures 4.1 Calculation of Permanent Loads Permanent loads or dead loads consist of the self-weight of various structural members and any permanent attachments to the structure. The self-weight of structural members refers to the weight of floor slab, roof slab, beam, column, wall and foundation etc. They can be estimated based on the unit-weight and size of the member. size of member X unit-weight (from Table 2-1) Chapter 4 Actions for Building Structures 4.1 Calculation of Permanent Loads 1. Weight of slab in the form of “area load”, kN/m2 (distributed area load) Except for the weight of concrete slab, the weight of cover and bottom layer (decorative materials) should be included. unit-weight × thickness of slab (or decorative material) For roofing slab, it is usually to consider other additional dead loads on it, such as the weight of thermal insulation materials （隔热层）, water-proof materials （防水材料）. Chapter 4 Actions for Building Structures 4.1 Calculation of Permanent Loads