英语知识树(语法)学习资料.pptVIP

英语知识树(语法) 谓语 The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么” 或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分 里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语 在“人称”和“数”两方面 必须一致。 主语 The Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人” 或“什么事物”，一般由名词、 代词或相当于名词的词或 短语充当。 状语 The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示 行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度 等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或 相当于副词的词或短语等 来充当。 宾语 The Object 表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词 或相当于名词的词或短语等充当， 和及物动词一起说明主语 “做什么”。 表语 The Predicative 说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”， 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词 的词或短语等充当，和系动词 一起构成谓语。 常用句子成分 She often goes to the movies. Are you ready? Beijing is not very cold in winter. They are teachers. She could swim at the age of four. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for long. He is playing soccer. We were at home last night. Can I ask some questions? He has a toothache. We are learning math. Lucy is an American girl. 定语 The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的 除形容词外，还有代词、数词、 名词、介词短语或相当于形容词 的词或短语等。 Peel three bananas. What’s your name? 宾语补足语 The Object Complement 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语， 意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语 通常由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语用来表示宾语所发出的 动作或身份、特征等，名词、形容词、介词短语、 动词不定式等都可作宾补。 He helps kids to learn to read. Members of Sentences 第 1 种 S + V 第 2 种 S + V + O 第 5 种 S + V + O + O C I like bananas. 主谓结构 We exercise. 主谓宾结构 主谓宾宾补结构 第4 种 S + V + IN O+ D O 第 3 种 S + V + P 简单句的五种基本句型 She gave me a pen. 主谓间宾直宾结构 They are students. 主系表结构 He made the boy laugh. Types of Simple Sentences 并列句 The Compound Sentence 由并列连词（and, so, but, or 等）把两个 或两个以上的简单句 连在一起而构成的句子。 句子的类型 简单句 The Simple Sentence 由一个主语（或并列主语） 和一个谓语（或并列谓语） 构成的句子。 复合句 The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成的句子。 Types of Sentences I get up at six in the morning. Some students walk or ride bikes to school. Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. She doesn’t like science, and she thinks it’s boring. I think Screen City has the most comfortable seats School starts at eight, so I get up at six thirty. Ed has a great sports collection, but he doesn’t Play sports. My mother and I often go shopping. People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang