长江流域水资源质量状况分析-水资源论文-水利论文.docxVIP

长江流域水资源质量状况分析-水资源论文-水利论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　通过对长江流域片河流、湖泊、水库及省界水体2003～2017年15 a间的水质监测评价成果进行梳理, 分析了流域片水资源质量状况及其变化趋势。分析结果表明:①长江流域片河流水质总体较好, 以符合或优于Ⅲ类标准为主, 长江干流水质以Ⅲ类为主且总体趋好。②金沙江石鼓以上、雅鲁藏布江等水资源二级区水质良好, 但湖口以下干流水系、太湖水系等水域水质相对较差。③流域片近年来废污水排放总量得到了较好的控制, 同时, 污水处理率也得到了快速提高, 对流域水资源质量改善起到了一定的积极作用;流域片湖泊水质总体较差且有恶化的趋势。④水库水质相对较好, 以Ⅱ类～Ⅲ类为主, 但近年来也存在恶化的风险。⑤湖泊富营养化程度较高, 水库富营养化程度相对较低, 但近年来流域片湖库均呈现出营养水平从低营养状态向高营养状态变化的趋势。⑥长江流域片省界水体水质以符合Ⅰ～Ⅲ类标准为主。⑦纳入评价范围的水功能区总体达标率在60%左右, 其中纳入 批复的重要水功能区达标率相对稍高。⑧以目前水功能区达标的水平, 要全面达到管理目标、实现流域片水质的根本性好转和全面改善, 尚任重道远。 　　关键词：　水资源质量; 水质评价; 趋势分析; 长江流域片; 　　Abstract：　By sorting out the water quality monitoring evaluations conducted for fifteen years from 2003 to 2017 regarding the rivers, lakes, reservoirs and cross-provincial water of the Yangtze River basin, we analyzed the water resources quality and its varying trends. The results show that ①Water quality of Yangtze River basin is generally good, mainly above grade III standard, and water quality of the mainstream is basically grade III and tends to improvement. ② water quality in the second class water resources region, including upper Shigu section of the Jinsha River and the Yarlung Zangbo River are good, but water quality of tributaries in the lower Hukou and Taihu Lake are relatively poor. ③ Total sewage discharged is under control in recent years and? percentage of sewage treatment rapidly increases, which helps to improve water resources quality in the basin; but water quality of the lakes are generally in poor condition and tends to be worsen. ④ Water quality of reservoirs are grade II or III, but faces high risk of deteriorating in the recent years. ⑤ Water eutrophication is quite serious in lakes and relatively low in reservoirs, but they both show a worse trend over the years. ⑥ Water quality of most cross-provincial water region are grade I--III. ⑦ Up-to-standard rate of the water functional zone that are incorporated into the evaluation scope is around 60%, and the up-to-standar