spc统计过程控制培训教材p.pptVIP

* 控制图的使用策划Planning for the Control Charts 作控制图需要按以下步骤：Follow the necessary steps : 计划 Planning 资源 Resources 评估和改进 Evaluation and Improvement * 控制图的使用策划Preparation for the use of Control Charts 建立适于采取措施的环境 - 公司文化 Set the right environment to take actions – Company Culture 确定过程 Define the process 确定待管理的特性 (如: 特殊特性) ，考虑Determine characteristics (e.g. Special Characteristics) that need to be managed Shall Consider : 客户的要求 Customer Requirements 当前及潜在的问题区 Existing and potential problem area 特性间的相互关系 Interrelation between characteristics 确定测量系统 Define the Measurement System MSA 使不必要的变差最小化 Reduce the variations in those avoidable area * 控制图的使用策划Preparation for the use of Control Charts 过程 Process 输出 Output 输入 Input 使用什么方式？(材料/设备) What?(Equipment/Raw Material) 谁进行? (能力/技能/培训)Who?(Competence, ability, training) 如何做？(方法/程序/技术) How?(Method/Procedure/Technique) 使用的关键准则是什么？ (测量/评估) Key measurement?(Measuring/Evaluation) * Xbar - R Chart 图 Average and Range Chart 平均数 - 全距控制图 工业界最常使用的计量值控制图 The most common chart for the industry * 建立Xbar-R控制图的步骤Set up the steps for X-R Charts 收集数据 Collect Data 选择子组大小，频率和数据Select the subgroup size, frequency and numbers of subgroup 子组大小 Subgroup size : 一个子组内该单元之间出现变差机会小(如4~5件连续于单一过程的产品) variation among units within the subgroup are small (e.g. 4 to 5 consecutively produced pieces by single production stream) 每个子组内的变差是普通原因造成 Variation within each subgroup reflects COMMON cause 代表短时间内零件间变产 Represent the piece-to-piece variation within short period of time 不正常变差=过程发生变化 unusual variation between subgroups = changes in process * 建立Xbar-R控制图的步骤Set up the steps for X-R Charts 选择子组大小，频率和数据Select the subgroup size, frequency and numbers of subgroup 子组频率 Subgroup frequency : 检查过程经过一段时间的变化，如: 换班、温升趋势、材料变更 To detect the change of process over time, e.g. changes due to work shift difference, warm-up trend, material lots * 子组数大小 Number of Subgroups :  确保变差的主要原因有机会出现(25子组包含100个单值)