表和约束培训资料.ppt

Adding a Comment to a Table You can add a comment of up to 2,000 bytes about a column, table, view, or snapshot by using the COMMENT statement. The comment is stored in the data dictionary and can be viewed in one of the following data dictionary views in the COMMENTS column: ALL_COL_COMMENTS USER_COL_COMMENTS ALL_TAB_COMMENTS USER_TAB_COMMENTS Syntax COMMENT ON TABLE table | COLUMN table.column IS text; In the syntax: table is the name of the table column is the name of the column in a table text is the text of the comment You can drop a comment from the database by setting it to empty string (): COMMENT ON TABLE employees IS ; Constraints The Oracle Server uses constraints to prevent invalid data entry into tables. You can use constraints to do the following: Enforce rules on the data in a table whenever a row is inserted, updated, or deleted from that table. The constraint must be satisfied for the operation to succeed. Prevent the deletion of a table if there are dependencies from other tables Provide rules for Oracle tools, such as Oracle Developer Data Integrity Constraints  For more information, see Oracle9i SQL Reference, “CONSTRAINT.” Constraint Guidelines All constraints are stored in the data dictionary. Constraints are easy to reference if you give them a meaningful name. Constraint names must follow the standard object-naming rules. If you do not name your constraint, the Oracle server generates a name with the format SYS_Cn, where n is an integer so that the constraint name is unique. Constraints can be defined at the time of table creation or after the table has been created. You can view the constraints defined for a specific table by looking at the USER_CONSTRAINTS data dictionary table. Defining Constraints The slide gives the syntax for defining constraints while creating a table. In the syntax: schema is the same as the owner’s name table is the name of the table DEFAULT expr specifies a default value to u