镇静催眠药和抗焦虑药-ppt说课稿.ppt

不良反应 Side effects: 1 一般来说安全 usually safe excessive hypersomnias ataxia (嗜睡) 共济失调 2 iv too fast cause CNS depression 3 addiction 成瘾 BDZ Receptor Antagonist 苯二氮卓受体结抗剂 Flumazenil 氟马西尼 主要用于苯二氮卓类过量中毒 易引起惊厥 巴比妥类 Barbiturates weak acid 分类 Classification: Drug t ?( h) onset duration (h) Phenobarbital 80-120 + 6-8 (luminal) Amobarbital 10-40 ++ 3-6 (amytal) Secobarbital 15-40 +++ 2-3 Thiopental 8-10 ++++ 0.25 药理作用和应用Action and use: 1 镇静催眠 sedative and hypnosis 2 抗惊厥 anticonvulsive action (phenobarbital) 3 抗癫痫 antiepileptic action (phenobarbital) 4 麻醉和麻醉前给药 anesthesia and preanesthetic medication (thiopental) 不良反应 Adverse effect: 1 CNS: drowsiness, impaired concentration tiredness after awakes 2 induce the P-450 system and therefore may decrease the effect of other drug 3 addiction , abrupt withdrawal may cause tremor, anxiety, weakness, restlessness, nausea and vomiting. 4 poisoning:overdoses can cause death, depression of respiration and central cardiovascular depression. Alkalinization of blood and urine 其它类 Other sedatives: Chloral hydrate（水合氯醛） 多用于儿科 Buspirone (布斯哌隆，丁螺环酮) 5-HT1A受体的部分激动剂，只用于抗焦虑。 Ethanol （乙醇） Antianxiety sedative effects Toxic potential benefits Chapter 15 抗癫痫和抗惊厥药Antiepileptic and anticonvulsive Drugs 癫痫 Epilepsy Most cases - cause is unknown 原发性 (idiopathic) When known - termed 继发性（secondary epilepsy） Trauma外伤, infection, cerebrovascular disorder, developmental defect, metabolic disease, birth injury Seizure classification Partial seizures (局限性发作) short alterations in consciousness, repetitive unusual movements, psychologic changes, confusion Generalized seizures（全身性发作） Tonic and convulsion （大发作） both cerebral hemispheres involved, temporary loss of consciousness